SPIN1, a K Homology Domain Protein Negatively Regulated and Ubiquitinated by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SPL11, Is Involved in Flowering Time Control in Rice

The flowering time control gene of various sugar beet plants has been studied. The BTC1 gene is a regulator for the suppressor (flowering time 1) and inducer (flowering time 2) genes of this physiological process. The F9/R9 primer pair was used for polymerase chain reaction; these primers are specific to the BTC1 gene region containing exon 9, as well as intron and exon 10. For the first time, nucleotide substitutions in exon 10 of BTC1 gene were identified in bolting sensitive samples (HF1 and BF1), which led to a change in the amino acid composition of the coded polypeptide chain. Based on the results of bioinformatic analysis, it can be assumed that certain nucleotide polymorphisms in the BTC1 gene may determine with a high probability the predisposition of sugar beet genotypes to early flowering. The use of the Geneious Prime tool for the analysis of the BTC1 gene sequences may allow the culling of genotypes prone to early flowering at early stages of selection. sugar beet, flowering gene, BTC1, genetic polymorphism, PCR, molecular genetic markers, selection

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Message ends: RNA 3′ processing and flowering time control

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/ert439 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 353-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Katarzyna Rataj ◽

Gordon G. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Time Control ◽

Flowering Time Control

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Repeated rearrangement of the GSL‐AOP locus contributed to spatio‐temporal variation in defense chemistry in Arabidopsis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-108131/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Konrad Weber ◽

Lucasz Krych ◽

Meike Burow

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Sequence Information ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Defense Compounds ◽

Caucasus Region ◽

Time Control ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Flowering Time Control

Abstract Plants coordinate metabolic and developmental processes with the help of genetically variable, interconnected regulatory networks. The GSL-AOP locus in Arabidopsis thaliana encodes enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glucosinolate defense compounds and has been attributed regulatory functions e.g. in flowering time control. To correlate genetic and phenotypic variation linked to GSL-AOP, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis across 1135 accessions and found that the available short-read sequencing data does not fully resolve the structural diversity in the locus. We analyzed a selection of 74 accessions for glucosinolate profiles and flowering time under different conditions and acquired long-read sequence information for glucosinolate and flowering time loci. Especially in the Caucasus region, structural variation in GSL-AOP was associated with conditional, tissue-specific glucosinolate profiles. Variation in FLC among the Caucasian accessions correlated with variation in the flowering time response to vernalization, suggesting that local adaptation has shaped defense and development in an orchestrated manner.

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BBX32 Interacts with AGL24 Involved in Flowering Time Control in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47111205 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 34-45

Author(s):

Guan-Peng MA ◽

Da-Qin ZHAO ◽

Tian-Wen WANG ◽

Lin-Bi ZHOU ◽

Gui-Lian LI

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Circadian Clock ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

Time Control ◽

Flowering Time Control ◽

Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms

B-box (BBX) zinc finger proteins play critical roles in both vegetative and reproductive development in plants. Many BBX proteins have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as floral transition regulatory factors, such as CO, BBX7 (COL9), BBX19, and BBX32. BBX32 is involved in flowering time control through repression of COL3 in Arabidopsis thaliana, but it is still elusive that whether and how BBX32 directly interacts with flowering signal integrators of AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) or other plants. In this study, B-box-32(BBX32), a transcription factor in this family with one B-box motif was cloned from B. rapa, acted as a circadian clock protein, showing expression changes during the circadian period. Additional experiments using GST pull-down and yeast two-hybrid assays indicated that BrBBX32 interacts with BrAGL24 and does not interact with BrSOC1, while BrAGL24 does interact with BrSOC1. To investigate the domains involved in these protein-protein interactions, we tested three regions of BrBBX32. Only the N-terminus interacted with BrAGL24, indicating that the B-box domain may be the key region for protein interaction. Based on these data, we propose that BrBBX32 may act in the circadian clock pathway and relate to the mechanism of flowering time regulation by binding to BrAGL24 through the B-box domain. This study will provide valuable information for unraveling the molecular regulatory mechanisms of BrBBX32 in flowering time of B. rapa.

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Flowering time control in rice by introducing Arabidopsis clock-associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1080/09168451.2020.1719822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 970-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norihito Nakamichi ◽

Toru Kudo ◽

Nobue Makita ◽

Takatoshi Kiba ◽

Toshinori Kinoshita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Response Regulator ◽

Time Control ◽

Pseudo Response Regulator ◽

Flowering Time Control

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Flowering time control: gene network modelling and the link to quantitative genetics

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar05155 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 919 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Stephen M. Welch ◽

Zhanshan Dong ◽

Judith L. Roe ◽

Sanjoy Das

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Quantitative Genetics ◽

Model Development ◽

Genetic Network ◽

Ideal Theory ◽

Emergent Properties ◽

Network Modelling ◽

Crop Models ◽

Time Control ◽

Flowering Time Control

Flowering is a key stage in plant development that initiates grain production and is vulnerable to stress. The genes controlling flowering time in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are reviewed. Interactions between these genes have been described previously by qualitative network diagrams. We mathematically relate environmentally dependent transcription, RNA processing, translation, and protein–protein interaction rates to resultant phenotypes. We have developed models (reported elsewhere) based on these concepts that simulate flowering times for novel A. thaliana genotype–environment combinations. Here we draw 12 contrasts between genetic network (GN) models of this type and quantitative genetics (QG), showing that both have equal contributions to make to an ideal theory. Physiological dominance and additivity are examined as emergent properties in the context of feed-forwards networks, an instance of which is the signal-integration portion of the A. thaliana flowering time network. Additivity is seen to be a complex, multi-gene property with contributions from mass balance in transcript production, the feed-forwards structure itself, and downstream promoter reaction thermodynamics. Higher level emergent properties are exemplified by critical short daylength (CSDL), which we relate to gene expression dynamics in rice (Oryza sativa). Next to be discussed are synergies between QG and GN relating to the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of model coefficients. This suggests a new verification test useful in GN model development and in identifying needed updates to existing crop models. Finally, the utility of simple models is evinced by 80 years of QG theory and mathematical ecology.

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AGL19 directly interacts with floral signal integrator AGL24 in flowering time control of Brassica juncea

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-020-03163-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Yuanda Wang ◽

Wei Jiang ◽

Yue Dong ◽

Xiao Ma ◽

Wenwen Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Time Control ◽

Flowering Time Control

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Information integration and decision making in flowering time control

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0239417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. e0239417

Author(s):

Linlin Zhao ◽

Sarah Richards ◽

Franziska Turck ◽

Markus Kollmann

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Information Integration ◽

Time Control ◽

Flowering Time Control

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Regulation of Flowering Time by the RNA-Binding Proteins AtGRP7 and AtGRP8

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcz124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 2040-2050 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alexander Steffen ◽

Mareike Elgner ◽

Dorothee Staiger

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Rna Binding Proteins ◽

Floral Induction ◽

Mads Box ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Autonomous Pathway ◽

Time Control ◽

Flowering Locus ◽

Flowering Time Control

Abstract The timing of floral initiation is a tightly controlled process in plants. The circadian clock regulated glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (RBP) AtGRP7, a known regulator of splicing, was previously shown to regulate flowering time mainly by affecting the MADS-box repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Loss of AtGRP7 leads to elevated FLC expression and late flowering in the atgrp7-1 mutant. Here, we analyze genetic interactions of AtGRP7 with key regulators of the autonomous and the thermosensory pathway of floral induction. RNA interference- mediated reduction of the level of the paralogous AtGRP8 in atgrp7-1 further delays floral transition compared of with atgrp7-1. AtGRP7 acts in parallel to FCA, FPA and FLK in the branch of the autonomous pathway (AP) comprised of RBPs. It acts in the same branch as FLOWERING LOCUS D, and AtGRP7 loss-of-function mutants show elevated levels of dimethylated lysine 4 of histone H3, a mark for active transcription. In addition to its role in the AP, AtGRP7 acts in the thermosensory pathway of flowering time control by regulating alternative splicing of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM). Overexpression of AtGRP7 selectively favors the formation of the repressive isoform FLM-β. Our results suggest that the RBPs AtGRP7 and AtGRP8 influence MADS-Box transcription factors in at least two different pathways of flowering time control. This highlights the importance of RBPs to fine-tune the integration of varying cues into flowering time control and further strengthens the view that the different pathways, although genetically separable, constitute a tightly interwoven network to ensure plant reproductive success under changing environmental conditions.

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