scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana GLN2-Encoded Glutamine Synthetase Is Dual Targeted to Leaf Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2048-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Taira ◽  
Ulrika Valtersson ◽  
Brad Burkhardt ◽  
Robert A. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase

Expression of bacterial glutamine synthetase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana increases the plant biomass and level of nitrogen utilization

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Zhu ◽  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Chunlei Shen ◽  
Shilin Chen ◽  
Yuanping Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractChanges in expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) have effect on plant nitrogen metabolism. In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency, several attempts at over-expressing GS II genes in plants have been previously undertaken, however few GSI and III genes are found such application. In this study, two GS I genes were cloned from bacterial strains and were transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the genes was confirmed under both mRNA and protein levels. Phenotypic studies revealed that all transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed enhanced fresh weight (12%) and dry weight (13%) compared with the wild-type plants at two concentrations of nitrate supplies. Further biochemical characterization confirmed that the transgenic lines had higher total nitrogen content (increased by 5-8%), soluble protein concentration (increased by 7-11%), total amino acid content (increased by 4-8%), leaf GS activity (enhanced by 8-14%) and free NO

Arabidopsis thaliana mutants devoid of chloroplast glutamine synthetase (GS2) have non-lethal phenotype under photorespiratory conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Sónia Ferreira ◽  
Emanuel Moreira ◽  
Isabel Amorim ◽  
Conceição Santos ◽  
Paula Melo
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Lethal Phenotype

scholarly journals Elucidation of the role of glutamine synthetase seed isoform GLN1;5 in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) with a reverse genetics approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453
Author(s):  
Milan Dragicevic ◽  
Katarina Cukovic ◽  
Snezana Zdravkovic-Korac ◽  
Ana Simonovic ◽  
Milica Bogdanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Plant Nitrogen

Glutamine synthetase (E.C. 6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme of plant nitrogen metabolism that assimilates ammonia into glutamine. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes one chloroplastic (GLN2) and five cytosolic (GLN1;1 ? GLN1;5) isoforms with different expression patterns, kinetic properties, regulation and functions. Physiological roles of different isoforms have been elucidated mainly by studying knockout mutants. However, the role of GLN1;5, which is expressed in dry seeds, remains unknown. To clarifty the function of GLN1;5, we studied a GLN1;5 knockout line (GLN1;5KO) homozygous for T-DNA insertion within the GLN1;5. GLN1;5 deficiency results in a phenotype with slightly delayed bolting and fewer siliques. The dry weight of GLN1;5KO seeds was 73.3% of wild-type (WT) seed weight, with seed length 90.9% of WT seeds. Finally, only 18.33% of the mutant seeds germinated in water within 10 days in comparison to 34.67% of WT seeds. KNO3 strongly stimulated germination of both GLN1;5KO and WT seeds, while germination in the presence of increasing NH4Cl concentrations potentiated the differences between the two genotypes. It can be concluded that GLN1;5 activity supports silique development and grain filling and that it has a role in ammonium reassimilation in the seed, as well as assimilation and/or detoxification of ammonium from the environment. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. ON173024 and Grant no. ON173015]

scholarly journals The plant defensin gene AtPDF2.1 mediates ammonium metabolism by regulating glutamine synthetase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyue Yao ◽  
Jin-Song Luo ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Ammonium Transporter ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Plant Defensin ◽  
Ammonium Metabolism ◽  
Localization Analysis

Abstract Background In plants, ammonium metabolism is particularly important for converting absorbed nitrogen into amino acids. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this conversion remains largely unknown. Results Using wild type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) and AtPDF2.1 mutants (pdf2.1–1 and pdf2.1–2), we found that the small cysteine-rich peptide AtPDF2.1, a plant defensin, is involved in regulating ammonium metabolism in the shoot. Ammonium significantly induced the expression of AtPDF2.1 in the shoot and root, particularly in root xylem vascular bundles, as demonstrated by histochemical analysis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AtPDF2.1 was localized to the cell wall. Ammonium concentration was higher in the shoot of mutants than in the shoot of Col-0, but no differences were found for total nitrogen content, root ammonium concentration, and the expression of the ammonium transporter gene AtAMT2.1. The activity of glutamine synthetase was significantly decreased in mutants, and the glutamine synthetase family genes GLN1.3 and GLN1.5 were significantly downregulated in mutants compared to Col-0. The activity of nitrate reductase showed no difference between mutants and Col-0. Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that AtPDF2.1 affects ammonium metabolism by regulating the expression of GLN1.3 and GLN1.5 through a yet unidentified mechanism.

scholarly journals Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes Play Redundant Roles in Ammonium Assimilation Under Low-Ammonium Conditions in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Konishi ◽  
Masahide Saito ◽  
Fumi Imagawa ◽  
Keiich Kanno ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase
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