scholarly journals Regulation of Actin-Dependent Cytoplasmic Motility by Type II Phytochrome Occurs within Seconds in Vallisneria gigantea Epidermal Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Takagi ◽  
Sam-Geun Kong ◽  
Yoshinobu Mineyuki ◽  
Masaki Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Type Ii

Sequence and expression of a type II keratin, K5, in human epidermal cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
R Lersch ◽  
E Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Human Gene ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Human Epidermal Cells ◽  
Rna Blot Analysis

We report here the cDNA and amino acid sequences of a human 58-kilodalton type II keratin, K5, which is coexpressed with a 50-kilodalton type I keratin partner, K14, in stratified squamous epithelia. Using a probe specific for the 3'-noncoding portion of this K5 cDNA, we demonstrated the existence of a single human gene encoding this sequence. Using Northern (RNA) blot analysis and in situ hybridization with cRNA probes for both K5 and K14, we examined the expression of these mRNAs in the epidermis and in cultured epidermal cells. Our results indicate that the mRNAs for K5 and K14 are coordinately expressed and abundant in the basal layer of the epidermis. As cells undergo a commitment to terminally differentiate, the expression of both mRNAs seems to be downregulated.

scholarly journals Sequence and expression of a type II keratin, K5, in human epidermal cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lersch ◽  
E Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Human Gene ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Human Epidermal Cells ◽  
Rna Blot Analysis

We report here the cDNA and amino acid sequences of a human 58-kilodalton type II keratin, K5, which is coexpressed with a 50-kilodalton type I keratin partner, K14, in stratified squamous epithelia. Using a probe specific for the 3'-noncoding portion of this K5 cDNA, we demonstrated the existence of a single human gene encoding this sequence. Using Northern (RNA) blot analysis and in situ hybridization with cRNA probes for both K5 and K14, we examined the expression of these mRNAs in the epidermis and in cultured epidermal cells. Our results indicate that the mRNAs for K5 and K14 are coordinately expressed and abundant in the basal layer of the epidermis. As cells undergo a commitment to terminally differentiate, the expression of both mRNAs seems to be downregulated.

scholarly journals Metaproteomic Identification of Diazotrophic Methanotrophs and Their Localization in Root Tissues of Field-Grown Rice Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 5043-5052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Bao ◽  
Takashi Okubo ◽  
Kengo Kubota ◽  
Yasuhiro Kasahara ◽  
Hirohito Tsurumaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Microbial Symbiosis ◽  
Catalyzed Reporter Deposition ◽  
Card Fish ◽  
Root Tissues

ABSTRACTIn a previous study by our group, CH4oxidation and N2fixation were simultaneously activated in the roots of wild-type rice plants in a paddy field with no N input; both processes are likely controlled by a rice gene for microbial symbiosis. The present study examined which microorganisms in rice roots were responsible for CH4oxidation and N2fixation under the field conditions. Metaproteomic analysis of root-associated bacteria from field-grown rice (Oryza sativaNipponbare) revealed that nitrogenase complex-containing nitrogenase reductase (NifH) and the alpha subunit (NifD) and beta subunit (NifK) of dinitrogenase were mainly derived from type II methanotrophic bacteria of the familyMethylocystaceae, includingMethylosinusspp. Minor nitrogenase proteins such asMethylocella,Bradyrhizobium,Rhodopseudomonas, andAnaeromyxobacterwere also detected. Methane monooxygenase proteins (PmoCBA and MmoXYZCBG) were detected in the same bacterial group of theMethylocystaceae. Because these results indicated thatMethylocystaceaemembers mediate both CH4oxidation and N2fixation, we examined their localization in rice tissues by using catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescencein situhybridization (CARD-FISH). The methanotrophs were localized around the epidermal cells and vascular cylinder in the root tissues of the field-grown rice plants. Our metaproteomics and CARD-FISH results suggest that CH4oxidation and N2fixation are performed mainly by type II methanotrophs of theMethylocystaceae, includingMethylosinusspp., inhabiting the vascular bundles and epidermal cells of rice roots.

Innervation of sheath cells of an insect sensillum by a bipolar type II neuron

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1264-1276
Author(s):  
R. Y. Zacharuk
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Outer Sheath ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Dendritic Branches ◽  
Insect Sensillum ◽  
Dense Vesicles ◽  
Chemical Mediators ◽  
Type Ii Neuron ◽  
Sheath Cells

A multiterminal bipolar type II neuron is situated centrally in each mandible of an elaterid larva. It is ensheathed by a glial cell to the base of the two terminal scolopophorous sensilla in the terminal mandibular tooth but its terminal branches are naked. These branches extend along the outer surfaces of the inner and outer sheath cells of and the adjacent surfaces of the epidermal cells around both sensilla. The dendrite and its branches contain longitudinal microtubules, peripheral mitochondria, and clear and variously dense vesicles. It has no ciliary region. The dense vesicles are more numerous in newly molted than in intermolt larvae. Unique plates of endoplasmic reticulum and vesiculating bodies occur in the sheath and epidermal cells adjacent to the naked dendritic branches. This neuron may control the secretory activities of the sensillar sheath cells and adjacent epidermal cells through release of appropriate chemical mediators.

scholarly journals Retinoids as important regulators of terminal differentiation: examining keratin expression in individual epidermal cells at various stages of keratinization.

1987 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kopan ◽  
G Traska ◽  
E Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Large Type

When human epidermal cells were seeded on floating rafts of collagen and fibroblasts, they stratified at the air-liquid interface. The suprabasal cells synthesized the large type II (K1) and type I (K10/K11) keratins characteristic of terminal differentiation in skin. At earlier times in culture, expression of the large type II keratins appeared to precede the expression of their type I partners. At later times, all suprabasal cells expressed both types, suggesting that the accumulation of a critical level of K1 keratin may be a necessary stimulus for K10 and K11 expression. Expression of the terminal differentiation-specific keratins was completely suppressed by adding retinoic acid to the culture medium, or by submerging the cultures in normal medium. In submerged cultures, removal of vitamin A by delipidization of the serum restored the keratinization process. In contrast, calcium and transforming growth factor-beta did not influence the expression of the large keratins in keratinocytes grown in the presence of retinoids, even though they are known to induce certain morphological features of terminal differentiation. Retinoic acid in the raft medium not only suppressed the expression of the large keratins, but, in addition, induced the synthesis of two new keratins not normally expressed in epidermis in vivo. Immunofluorescence localized one of these keratins, K19, to a few isolated cells of the stratifying culture. In contrast, the other keratin, K13, appeared uniformly in a few outer layers of the culture. Interestingly, K13 expression correlated well with the gradient of retinoid-mediated disruptions of intercellular interactions in the culture. These data suggest that K13 induction may in some way relate to the reduction in either the number or the strength of desmosomal contacts between suprabasal cells of stratified squamous epithelial tissues.

scholarly journals Expression of unusually large keratins during terminal differentiation: balance of type I and type II keratins is not disrupted.

1984 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1872-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
K H Kim ◽  
D Marchuk ◽  
E Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

When a basal epidermal cell undergoes a commitment to terminally differentiate, it ceases to divide and begins to migrate outward towards the surface of the skin. Dramatic changes in its cytoskeletal architecture take place, accompanied by numerous changes in the expression of keratins, a family of related polypeptides that form 8-nm filaments in these cells. We show here that a shift to the synthesis of unusually large keratins occurs that does not seem to disrupt the ratio of two distinct subfamilies of keratins. Preliminary studies indicate that this differentiation-specific shift may be at the level of transcriptional rather than post-transcriptional regulation. The striking similarities between these large keratins and the type I and type II keratins of basal epidermal cells suggests the important role that both classes of large keratin sequences must play in the assembly of the intermediate filaments within the differentiating keratinocyte.

scholarly journals Characteristics of achenes in Potentilla collina group (Rosaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremi Kołodziejek ◽  
Barbara Gabara
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Surface Sculpture ◽  
Dorsal Ridge ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Sem Analyses

Achenes morphology in taxa from <em>Potentilla collina</em> s.l. i.e., <em>P. collina</em> Wibel s.s., <em>P. leucopolitana</em> P.J. Müller, <em>P. thyrsiflora</em> Hülsen ex Zimmet., <em>P. thyrsiflora</em> var. <em>isosepala</em> Th. W., <em>P. silesiaca</em> Uechtr. And <em>P. wimanniana</em> Günther and Schummel was examined with stereoscope and scanning electron microscopy. Achenes of these taxa varied slightly in shape, size and colour, while marked differences among them appeared in the surface sculpture and in the dimensions of aril, dorsal ridge and ribs. SEM analyses allowed to distinguish two distinct morphological types of achenes. Type I - with ruminate sculpture and aggregates of some material, various in shape and size, at the surface of partly destroyed epidermal cells covering fruit wall in <em>P. leucopolitana</em>, <em>P. wimanniana</em> and <em>P. thyrsiflora</em>. Type II - with ruminate-reticulate sculpture due to well preserved epidermal cells in <em>P. silesiaca</em> and <em>P. thyrsiflora</em> var. <em>isosepala</em>. The obtained results have supported Błocki’s suggestion to treat <em>P. thyrsiflora</em> var. <em>isosepala</em> as a separate species named <em>P. isosepala</em>. However, similarities in the surface sculpture of achenes in some taxa of <em>P. collina</em> group did not facilitate their classification, therefore this feature may be a valuable taxonomical criterium only in combination with others.

scholarly journals Sequence and expression of a human type II mesothelial keratin.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 2366-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Glass ◽  
K H Kim ◽  
E Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lambda Phage ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

Using mRNA from cultured human mesothelial cells, we constructed bacterial plasmids and lambda phage vectors that contained cDNA sequences specific for the keratins expressed in these cells. A cloned cDNA encoding keratin K7 (55 kD) was identified by positive hybrid selection. Southern Blot analysis indicated that this sequence is represented only once in the human genome, and Northern Blot analysis demonstrated that the gene encoding K7 is expressed in abundance in cultured bronchial and mesothelial cells, but only weakly in cultured epidermal cells and not at all in liver, colon, or exocervical tissue. The predicted amino acid sequence of this keratin has revealed a striking difference between this keratin and the type II keratins expressed in epidermal cells: whereas all of the epidermal type II keratins thus far sequenced have long nonhelical termini rich in glycine and serine, this mesothelial type II keratin has amino and carboxy terminal regions that are unusually short and lack the inexact repeats of glycine and serine residues.

Type II Solar Radio Bursts over Solar Cycle 21

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 283-284
Author(s):  
G. Maris ◽  
E. Tifrea
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radio ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Impulsive Phase ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Solar Radio Bursts ◽  
Strong Energy ◽  
Mass Ejection ◽  
Geophysical Effect ◽  
Radio Event

The type II solar radio bursts produced by a shock wave passing through the solar corona are one of the most frequently studied solar activity phenomena. The scientific interest in this type of phenomenon is due to the fact that the presence of this radio event in a solar flare is an almost certain indicator of a future geophysical effect. The origin of the shock waves which produce these bursts is not at all simple; besides the shocks which are generated as a result of a strong energy release during the impulsive phase of a flare, there are also the shocks generated by a coronal mass ejection or the shocks which appear in the interplanetary space due to the supplementary acceleration of the solar particles.

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