scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Suppression of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity and mRNA, and Resistance of Soybeans to Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea

1989 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund W. B. Ward ◽  
David M. Cahill ◽  
Madan K. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Acid Suppression ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in soybean hypocotyls and leaves following infection with Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bhattacharyya ◽  
E. W. B. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Abiotic Elicitor ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased rapidly beginning 2 h after inoculation with Phytophthora megasperma (Drechs.) f.sp. glycinea (Hildeb.) Kuan & Erwin race 1 in unwounded hypocotyls of soybean cv. Harosoy 63 (resistant) but did not change significantly in cv. Harosoy (susceptible). Small increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity also were caused by wounding. Activity increased more slowly in hypocotyls (cv. Harosoy 63) wounded just before inoculation than in intact inoculated hypocotyls, but most activity developed in hypocotyls wounded 12 h before inoculation. There were comparable effects of wounding on symptom development. Trifoliolate leaves of 14-day-old cv. Harosoy 63 plants are resistant, but trifoliolate leaves of 12-day-old cv. Harosoy 63 plants and of 14-day-old cv. Harosoy plants are susceptible to race 1. Increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity following inoculation were demonstrated only in 14-day-old Harosoy 63 plants but not until 24–36 h after the inoculation. Significant accumulation of glyceollin occurred by 24 h. Susceptible trifoliolate leaves of 12-day-old cv. Harosoy 63 plants produced only low levels of glyceollin following either infection or treatment with the abiotic elicitor AgNO3, whereas trifoliolate leaves of 14-day-old cv. Harosoy plants produced high levels of glyceollin in response to AgNO3. It is concluded that trifoliolate leaves of 12-day-old, as opposed to 14-day-old, cv. Harosoy 63 plants have not developed mechanisms that trigger responses to either infection or the abiotic elicitor or they are deficient in metabolic processes that support glyceollin biosynthesis or other defense-related responses.

Influence of abscisic acid in triggering "véraison" in grape berry skins of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Gagné ◽  
Karine Esteve ◽  
Christelle Deytieux-Belleau ◽  
Cédric Saucier ◽  
Laurence Geny
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Berry Skins ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Grape Berry Ripening

<p style="text-align: justify;">Grape berry ripening is characterised by numerous metabolic and physiological changes, placed under hormonal control. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is considered as a possible promoter of « véraison », since it accumulates at this time. In order to evaluate its impact, we assess the effect of ABA on several parameters of maturity: anthocyanins synthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, sugar contents, acidity and maturity index, both in untreated berry skin and in skin of berries submitted to applications of exogenous ABA. The maturation processes we focused on appear ABA-dependent, as they occured immediately after ABA accumulation in the skin. Treatment also shows a close relationship between ABA and the beginning of ripening. These results allow us to conclude that ABA content could modulate the triggering of « véraison ».</p>

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoagland ◽  
Stephen O. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Effects of 16 herbicides representing 14 herbicide classes on growth and extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) were examined in light- and dark-grown soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. High purity (96 to 100%) herbicides were supplied via aqueous culture at various concentrations: 0.5 mM amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), 0.1 mM atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 0.07 mM diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoicacid}, 0.5 mM DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), 0.2 mM fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), 0.05 mM fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, 0.5 mM MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), 0.5 mM metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], 1.8 μM nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], 0.5 mM norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], 0.05 mM paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), 0.15 mM perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, 0.2 mM propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide), 0.1 mM propham (isopropyl carbanilate), 0.5 mM TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 0.05 mM 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Dark-grown soybean seedlings (3-day-old) were transferred to control solutions (2 mM CaSO4) or to herbicide solutions (in 2 mM CaSO4) and grown at 25 C in continuous white light (200 μE•m-2•s-1) or continuous darkness until harvested 24 or 48 h after transfer. After 48 h, growth (fresh weight, dry weight, elongation) was inhibited by most of the chemicals. Other signs of toxicity (necrosis, secondary root stunting, and root tip swelling) were noted for some treatments. Roots were most affected, although hypocotyls were generally not changed. Hypocotyl elongation was stimulated by atrazine, fluridone, and norflurazon after 48 h light. Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D. Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity. Other compounds tested had no effect on the enzyme. None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

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