scholarly journals Evidence that the rb Locus Alters the Starch Content of Developing Pea Embryos through an Effect on ADP Glucose Pyrophosphorylase

1989 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Smith ◽  
Mary Bettey ◽  
Ian D. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase

A mutant of rice lacking the leaf large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase has drastically reduced leaf starch content but grows normally

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Rösti ◽  
Brendan Fahy ◽  
Kay Denyer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Subunit Protein ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase

A mutant of rice was identified with a Tos17 insertion in OsAPL1, a gene encoding a large subunit (LSU) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). The insertion prevents production of a normal transcript from OsAPL1. Characterisation of the mutant (apl1) showed that the LSU encoded by OsAPL1 is required for AGPase activity in rice leaf blades. In mutant leaf blades, the AGPase small subunit protein is not detectable and the AGPase activity and starch content are reduced to <1 and <5% of that in wild type blades, respectively. The mutation also leads to a reduction in starch content in the leaf sheaths but does not significantly affect AGPase activity or starch synthesis in other parts of the plant. The sucrose, glucose and fructose contents of the leaves are not affected by the mutation. Despite the near absence of starch in the leaf blades, apl1 mutant rice plants grow and develop normally under controlled environmental conditions and show no reduction in productivity.

A rice mutant lacking a large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase has drastically reduced starch content in the culm but normal plant morphology and yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick R. Cook ◽  
Brendan Fahy ◽  
Kay Trafford
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase ◽  
Storage Pools

A mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was identified with a Tos17 insertion in Os05g50380, a gene encoding a plastidial large subunit (LSU) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) that was previously called OsAPL3 or OsAGPL1. The insertion prevents the production of a normal transcript. Characterisation of the mutant showed that this LSU is required for 97% of the starch synthesised in the flowering stem (culm), approximately half of the AGPase activity in developing embryos and that it contributes to AGPase activity in the endosperm. Despite the near absence of starch in the culms and reduced starch content in the embryos, the mutant rice plants grow and develop normally, and show no reduction in productivity. The starch content of leaves is increased in the mutant, revealing plasticity in the distribution of photosynthates among different temporary carbohydrate storage pools within the plant.

scholarly journals Kloning dan karakterisasi daerah promoter gen penyandi ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase dari Metroxylon sagu rendemen pati-tinggi dan -rendah [Cloning and characterization of promoter region of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase-encoding gene from Metroxylon sagu with high- and low-starch content]

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
Riza Arief PUTRANTO ◽  
Hayati MINARSIH ◽  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. SUMARYONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is one of the key enzymes in the starch biosynthesis. In many plants, the activity of this enzyme was reported to affect the yield and composition of the produced starch. This research is a part of an effort to develop molecular markers for early selection of high starch-yielding of sago palm. The purpose of the research was to isolate promoters of AGP gene and to analyze the differences in their DNA sequences between sago palm with high starch content (MsHS) and low starch content (MsLS). DNA was isolated and purified from the leaves of the two sago palm. The promoter region of AGP was amplified by Genome Walking technique. The specific primers were designed by Primer3 program based on the information of DNA sequence of AGP genes of sago palm from previous studies. Selected DNA fragments resulted from Genome Walking were isolated from the gel, cloned into E. coli, and analyzed its DNA sequence. DNA sequence analysis showed that one DNA fragment from MsHS  (± 1500 bp) and one DNA fragment from MsLS (> 2000 bp) were confirmed as a 5’ upstream of the AGP gene.  Further in silico analysis using MEME program identified various DNA motifs of cis-acting elements, which confirmed that those DNA fragment were promoter region of the gene. Preliminary analysis showed the differences in DNA sequences and motives of cis-acting elements in the promoter region of the two samples which might influence or indirectly associated with the character of the starch yield in sago palm.

scholarly journals Kloning dan karakterisasi daerah promoter gen penyandi ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase dari Metroxylon sagu rendemen pati-tinggi dan -rendah [Cloning and characterization of promoter region of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase-encoding gene from Metroxylon sagu with high- and low-starch content]

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
Riza Arief PUTRANTO ◽  
Hayati MINARSIH ◽  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. SUMARYONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is one of the key enzymes in the starch biosynthesis. In many plants, the activity of this enzyme was reported to affect the yield and composition of the produced starch. This research is a part of an effort to develop molecular markers for early selection of high starch-yielding of sago palm. The purpose of the research was to isolate promoters of AGP gene and to analyze the differences in their DNA sequences between sago palm with high starch content (MsHS) and low starch content (MsLS). DNA was isolated and purified from the leaves of the two sago palm. The promoter region of AGP was amplified by Genome Walking technique. The specific primers were designed by Primer3 program based on the information of DNA sequence of AGP genes of sago palm from previous studies. Selected DNA fragments resulted from Genome Walking were isolated from the gel, cloned into E. coli, and analyzed its DNA sequence. DNA sequence analysis showed that one DNA fragment from MsHS  (± 1500 bp) and one DNA fragment from MsLS (> 2000 bp) were confirmed as a 5’ upstream of the AGP gene.  Further in silico analysis using MEME program identified various DNA motifs of cis-acting elements, which confirmed that those DNA fragment were promoter region of the gene. Preliminary analysis showed the differences in DNA sequences and motives of cis-acting elements in the promoter region of the two samples which might influence or indirectly associated with the character of the starch yield in sago palm.

scholarly journals MePHD1 as a PHD-Finger Protein Negatively Regulates ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Small Subunit1a Gene in Cassava

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping’an Ma ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Xia ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Translation Initiation Site ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is an important enzyme in the starch synthesis pathway. Its enzyme activity can determine the efficiency of starch biosynthesis. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the main staple crop worldwide and has a high starch content in its storage root. However, the inner regulatory mechanism of AGPase gene family is unclear. MePHD1; a plant homeodomain transcription factor; was isolated through a yeast one-hybrid screening using the promoter of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit1a (MeAGPS1a) as bait, and cassava storage root cDNA library as prey. This factor could bind to the MeAGPS1a promoter in vitro and in vivo, and its predicted binding region ranged from −400 bp to −201 bp, at the translation initiation site. The transcript level of MePHD1 could be induced by five plant hormones, and a temperature of 42 °C. This was down-regulated during the maturation process of the storage root. MePHD1 protein could repress the promoter activity of MeAGPS1a gene by a dual-luciferase assay; which indicated that MePHD1 is a negative regulator for the transcript level of MeAGPS1a gene.

Cracking at the fold in double layer coated paper: the influence of latex and starch composition

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
SEYYED MOHAMMAD HASHEMI NAJAFI ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD, ◽  
MEHDI TAJVIDI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Packaging Paper

Cracking at the fold of publication and packaging paper grades is a serious problem that can lead to rejection of product. Recent work has revealed some basic mechanisms and the influence of various parameters on the extent of crack area, but no studies are reported using coating layers with known mechanical properties, especially for double-coated systems. In this study, coating layers with different and known mechanical properties were used to characterize crack formation during folding. The coating formulations were applied on two different basis weight papers, and the coated papers were folded. The binder systems in these formulations were different combinations of a styrene-butadiene latex and mixtures of latex and starch for two different pigment volume concentrations (PVC). Both types of papers were coated with single and double layers. The folded area was scanned with a high-resolution scanner while the samples were kept at their folded angle. The scanned images were analyzed within a constant area. The crack areas were reported for different types of papers, binder system and PVC values. As PVC, starch content, and paper basis weight increased, the crack area increased. Double layer coated papers with high PVC and high starch content at the top layer had more cracks in comparison with a single layer coated paper, but when the PVC of the top layer was low, cracking area decreased. No measurable cracking was observed when the top layer was formulated with a 100% latex layer.

Co-expression of AGPS and AGPL genes encoded for AGPase from cassava to enhance starch accumulation in transgenic tobacco

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Văn Đoài ◽  
Nguyễn Minh Hồng ◽  
Lê Thu Ngọc ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Thơm ◽  
Nguyễn Đình Trọng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Plant Expression Vector ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The AGPase (ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase) is one of the ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing the first step in starch biosynthesis. It plays an important role in regulation and adjusts the speed of the entire cycle of glycogen biosynthesis in bacteria and starch in plants. In higher plants, it is a heterotetramer and tetrameric enzyme consisting two large subunits (AGPL) and two small subunits (AGPS) and encoded by two genes. In this paper, both AGPS and AGPL genes were sucessfully isolated from cassava varieties KM140 and deposited in Genbank with accession numbers KU243124 (AGPS) and KU243122 (AGPL), these two genes were fused with P2a and inserted into plant expression vector pBI121 under the control of 35S promoter. The efficient of this construct was tested in transgenic N. tabacum. The presence and expression of AGPS and AGPL in transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and Western hybridization. The starch content was quantified by the Anthrone method. Transgenic plant analysis indicated that that two targeted genes were expressed simultaneously in several transgenic tobacco lines under the control of CaMV 35S promoter.  The starch contents in 4 analyzed tobacco transgenic lines displays the increase 13-116%  compared to WT plants. These results indicated that the co-expression of AGPS and AGPL is one of effective strategies for enhanced starch production in plant. These results can provide a foundation for developing other genetically modified crops to increase starch accumulation capacity.

PEMANFAATAN FERMENTASI REBUNG UNTUK BAHAN SUPLEMEN PANGAN DAN TEPUNG SERAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Taruna Rachmadi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Content ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Bamboo Shoots

One of the solutions to fulfill  the food sustainability is diversification of local food. One of the local food that potential to be used and processed is bamboo shoots. In South Kalimantan, the potential of bamboo as a producer of bamboo shoot plants with an estimated total area of 2158 hectares with a potential of 6 million stems. To increase the value and health of bamboo shoots can be made with fermentation. Fermentation is done by two methods, enzimatic fermentation and spontaneous fermentation. The results of the highest crude fiber obtained in spontaneous fermentation of bamboo shoots Haur 44.46% while the highest starch content present in fermented bamboo shoots Paring stater of 13.91%. Metal content, everything is still fulfill the quality standard. Flour bamboo shoots can be used as food supplements or raw materials of fiber flour.Keywords: bamboo shoots,  fermentation, fiber flour

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