scholarly journals Presence of Host-Plasma Membrane Type H+-ATPase in the Membrane Envelope Enclosing the Bacteroids in Soybean Root Nodules

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Blumwald ◽  
Marc G. Fortin ◽  
Philip A. Rea ◽  
Desh Pal S. Verma ◽  
Ronald J. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Host Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Envelope ◽  
Membrane Type

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules.

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Verma ◽  
V Kazazian ◽  
V Zogbi ◽  
A K Bal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Membrane Envelope

The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, Rhizobium becomes surrounded by the host cell wall and plasma membrane, forming the infection thread. The cell wall of the infection thread is degraded by cellulolytic enzyme(s), leaving behind the enclosed plasma membrane, the membrane envelope. Cellulase activity in young nodules increases two- to threefold as compared to uninfected roots, and this activity is localized in the cell wall matrix of the infection threads. Membrane envelopes were isolated by first preparing bacteroids enclosed in the envelopes on a discontinuous sucrose gradient followed by passage through a hypodermic needle, which released the bacteroids from the membranes. This membrane then sedimented at the interface of 34--45% sucrose (mean density of 1.14 g/cm3). Membranes were characterized by phosphotungstic acid (PTA)-chromic acid staining. ATPase activity, and localization, sensitivity to nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. These analyses revealed a close similarity between plasma membrane and the membrane envelope. Incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the membrane envelope proteins was sensitive to cycloheximide, suggesting that the biosynthesis of these proteins is primarily under host-cell control. No immunoreactive material to leghemoglobin antibodies was found inside or associated with the isolated bacteroids enclosed in the membrane envelope, and its location is confined to the host cell cytoplasmic matrix.

Structural organization of the rhizobial root nodule of alfalfa

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Freeze Fracturing ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Membrane Envelope

The structural organization of mature root nodules of Medicago saliva L. is studied by thin-sectioning, scanning, and freeze-fracturing techniques. The nodules are club-shaped, with their meristematic tissue near the tip of each nodule. The bacteroidal cells situated closer to the tip area are young, whereas those located closer to the neck where the nodule and root join are older. The shape of the bacteroids changes as they grow older. The bacteroids evolve gradually from uniform long-rod or long-club shapes into short-club, short-rod. pear-shaped, ellipsoid, spherical, and Y-shapes, which in turn evolve into pear and spherical shapes. During the early part of the bacteroid's life, the bacteroid is enclosed in a membrane envelope. In older bacteroidal cells, it was observed that a few membrane envelopes contained more than one bacteroid. In senescent bacteroidal cells, the membrane envelopes have disintegrated and dissolved. The plasma membranes of mature bacteroidal cells have high endo- and exo-cytotic activities relative to nonrhizobial-infected root nodule cells or newly infected bacteroidal cells. Endo- and exo-cytotic activities are also evident on the membrane envelopes of bacteroids. The plasma membrane of the bacteroids appears to have no endo- and exo-cytotic activity, for the vesicle-like structures observed on the plasma membrane in thin-sectioning and freeze-fracturing preparations are in fact constricted invaginations of the plasma membrane of the bacteroids, somewhat resembling the cristae of mitochondria.

Development of root nodules of mung bean (Vigna radiata): a reinvestigation of endocytosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2478-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb ◽  
Laurel McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Peribacteroid Membrane ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Host Plasma Membrane

The release of rhizobia from infection threads of mung bean (Vigna radiata) root nodules is an endocytotic process. The peribacteroid membrane surrounding the released bacteria is initially derived from the host plasma membrane which surrounds the infection thread and not from the nuclear envelope as previously reported by Prasad and De. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) profiles and Golgi vesicles fuse with the infection thread cell wall and adjacent host plasma membrane. Although some ER profiles were continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, no continuities of the nuclear envelope with the infection thread, the host plasma membrane, or the peribacteroid membrane were observed. Furthermore, no blebbing of the nuclear envelope was observed.

scholarly journals Equilibria and Kinetics of Ligand Binding by Leghemoglobin from Soybean Root Nodules

1972 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-526
Author(s):  
Takashi Imamura ◽  
Austen Riggs ◽  
Quentin H. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Kinetics Of

Spheroplasts of Rhizobium japonicum

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Berry ◽  
Alan G. Atherly
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Scanning Electron

Speroplasts of Rhizobium japonicum strains 61A76, USDA 31, and 110 were prepared by culturing cells in the presence of glycine, followed by treatment with lysozyme. The cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy before, during, and after becoming spheroplasts and found to be morphologically similar to the bacteroid forms found in soybean root nodules. Some similarities of spheroplast and bacteroid formation are discussed.

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