scholarly journals Effect of Benzyladenine Treatment Duration on δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Accumulation in the Dark, Chlorophyll Lag Phase Abolition, and Long-Term Chlorophyll Production in Excised Cotyledons of Dark-Grown Cucumber Seedlings

1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lew ◽  
Hideo Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Chlorophyll Production

Benzyladenine as a regulator of chlorophyll synthesis in cucumber cotyledons

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2197-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fletcher ◽  
Dianne McCullagh
Keyword(s):  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Cucumber Cotyledons ◽  
Ala Synthetase ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

Pretreatment of etiolated cucumber cotyledons (4–10 days old) with benzyladenine (BA) increased the amount of chlorophyll produced in light. BA also eliminated the lag phase in chlorophyll formation, which in the water controls lasted for [Formula: see text]. Addition of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to the etiolated cotyledons resulted in the production of protochlorophyllide (PCHLD) in the dark. The BA-pretreated cotyledons did not make any PCHLD in the dark. The inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, actinomycin D, chloramphenicol, and cycloheximide (CH), inhibited BA's effect on chlorophyll production, with CH being the most effective. We propose that BA's effect on increased chlorophyll formation is mediated by inducing production of proteins including ALA synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Long-Term Use of Aldosterone-Receptor Antagonists in Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter M. Jansen ◽  
Koen Verdonk ◽  
Ben P. Imholz ◽  
A. H. Jan Danser ◽  
Anton H. van den Meiracker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Aldosterone Receptor

Background. The long-term efficacy of aldosterone-receptor antagonists (ARAs) as add-on treatment in uncontrolled hypertension has not yet been reported.Methods. Data from 123 patients (21 with primary aldosteronism, 102 with essential hypertension) with difficult-to-treat hypertension who received an ARA between May 2005 and September 2009 were analyzed retrospectively for their blood pressure (BP) and biochemical response at first followup after start with ARA and the last follow-up available.Results. Systolic BP decreased by22±20and diastolic BP by9.4±12 mmHg after a median treatment duration of 25 months. In patients that received treatment >5 years, SBP was33±20and DBP was 16 ± 13 mmHg lower than at baseline. Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline BP and follow-up duration were positively correlated with BP response.Conclusion. Add-on ARA treatment in difficult-to-treat hypertension results in a profound and sustained BP reduction.

P4794Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-VKA oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with differential treatment duration: an ARISTOPHANES study analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Deitelzweig ◽  
A Keshishian ◽  
A Kang ◽  
A Dhamane ◽  
X Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract Background The ARISTOPHANES (Anticoagulants for Reduction In STroke: Observational Pooled analysis on Health outcomes ANd Experience of patientS) study showed that non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were associated with lower risks of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and variable comparative risks of major bleeding (MB) versus warfarin. Purpose To assess long-term use of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs. warfarin in ARISTOPHANES by evaluating the risk of S/SE and MB among non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients by duration of treatment (<1 and ≥1 year). Methods In the ARISTOPHANES study, NVAF patients initiating apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin from 01/01/2013–09/30/2015 were identified from the CMS Medicare data and four US commercial claims databases, covering >180 million beneficiaries annually (∼56% of US population). After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) in each database between NOACs and warfarin (apixaban-warfarin, dabigatran-warfarin, and rivaroxaban-warfarin), the resulting patient records were pooled. Treatment duration was defined as time between the day after the treatment index date and discontinuation (30 days after a 30-day gap in the prescription), treatment switch, death, end of study period, or end of continuous medical and pharmacy enrollment, whichever occurred first. Matched patients with observed treatment duration <1 or ≥1 year were separately examined. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios of S/SE and MB (identified by inpatient claims) during observed treatment duration. Results The mean treatment duration for patients with shorter (<1 year) vs longer (≥1 year) duration was 4–5 months vs 18–21 months across the three matched cohorts. All the matched baseline variables remained balanced. The incidence rates of S/SE and MB and the proportion of patients with treatment discontinuation were higher in patients with shorter treatment duration. Regardless of treatment duration, apixaban patients had a lower risk of S/SE and MB versus warfarin; dabigatran patients had a lower risk of MB versus warfarin; and rivaroxaban patients had a lower risk of S/SE versus warfarin. Compared to warfarin patients, dabigatran patients with treatment duration <1 year had a similar risk of S/SE, while those with treatment duration ≥1 year had lower S/SE risk; rivaroxaban patients with treatment duration <1 year had a higher risk of MB, while those with treatment duration ≥1 year had similar MB risk. Conclusions Among NVAF patients with duration of treatment <1 and ≥1 year in the ARISTOPHANES study, apixaban and rivaroxaban were associated with lower risk of S/SE, while apixaban and dabigatran were associated with lower risk of MB, compared to warfarin. These findings indicate varying long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes between NOACs and warfarin. Acknowledgement/Funding This study was funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer Inc.

A historical cohort study of kidney damage in long-term lithium patients: continued surveillance needed

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bendz ◽  
M. Aurell ◽  
J. Lanke
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

SummaryBackgroundInsufficient knowledge on the longitudinal fate of renal function in lithium patients incited this retrospective study of 149 patients.MethodMedical record review of a lithium cohort (N = 149), 8–12 years after an initial renal function study.ResultsTwenty-one patients had died, one from uremia probably not caused by lithium, and 42 had discontinued lithium. Reduced urinary concentrating capacity (Umax) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was not more frequent among deceased or off-lithium patients than among the 86 patients who were on lithium at follow-up. In 63 of the latter patients, Umax had been re-examined after the initial study, and GFR in 29 patients. Reduced Umax and GFR had become twice as common, and average Umax and GFR had decreased significantly. The reduction of GFR was associated with lithium treatment duration and age, and reduced Umax with treatment duration only.ConclusionsReduced renal function is not a major cause of treatment discontinuation but becomes increasingly common with treatment duration.

scholarly journals Synergistic Activity of R207910 Combined with Pyrazinamide against Murine Tuberculosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ibrahim ◽  
K. Andries ◽  
N. Lounis ◽  
A. Chauffour ◽  
C. Truffot-Pernot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Antituberculous Drugs ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

ABSTRACT In previous studies, the diarylquinoline R207910 (also known as TMC207) was demonstrated to have high bactericidal activity when combined with first- or second-line antituberculous drugs. Here we extend the evaluation of R207910 in the curative model of murine tuberculosis by assessing the activities of one-, two-, and three-drug combinations containing R207910 and isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), or moxifloxacin (MXF) in the setting of a high initial bacillary load (7.2 log10 CFU). Two months of treatment with the combinations R207910-PZA, R207910-PZA-INH, R207910-PZA-RIF, or R207910-PZA-MXF resulted in culture-negative lung homogenates in 70 to 100% of the mice, while mice treated with INH-RIF-PZA (the reference regimen) or RIF-MXF-PZA remained culture positive. Combinations including R207910 but not PZA (e.g., R207910-INH-RIF and R207910-MXF-RIF) were less active than R207910-PZA-containing regimens administered either alone or with the addition of INH, RIF, or MXF. These results reveal a synergistic interaction between R207910 and PZA. Three-drug combinations containing these two drugs and INH, RIF, or MXF have the potential to significantly shorten the treatment duration in patients, provided that these results can be confirmed in long-term experiments including periods of relapse.

Temperature optima for growth and photosynthetic processes in Trebouxia erici isolated from an Antarctic lichen and cultivated in a temperature gradient

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Bayer ◽  
Nıevas Vıals Alba
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Temperature Optima

The temperature optimum for photosynthesis and growth of natural populations of Trebouxia erici isolated from an Antarctic lichen (Usnea antarctica) was determined using a long-term cultivation (26 days) at different temperatures. Several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were used in T. erici cultivated in a liquid medium to assess the effect of cultivation temperature (0, 10, 20 and 30oC). Analysis of time courses of the capacity of photosynthetic processes in PS II (FV/FM), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (FPSII), relative fluorescence decline ratio (RFd), and quenching of background chlorophyll fluorescence (qF0) revealed that optimum temperature is between 10 to 20°C. Biomass production evaluated as a total chlorophyll production after 26 days of cultivation was maximal at 20°C. The results are discussed in relation to the data reported by other literature sources for Trebouxia sp. and other algae isolated from chlorolichens.

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