scholarly journals Cell Wall and Protoplast Isoperoxidases in Relation to Injury, Indoleacetic Acid, and Ethylene Effects

1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Birecka ◽  
A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid

The structure of the cell wall in lignifield collenchyma of Eryngium sp. (Umbelliferae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Wardrop
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Microfibril Orientation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation

In Eryngium vesiculosum and E. rostratum, the leaf collenchyma is characterized by the development of a lignified secondary wall in the final stages of cell differentiation. The collenchyma wall is rich in pectic substances which are distributed uniformly. In the outer limiting region of the collenchyma wall the microfibril orientation is random and this structure is considered to be the wall formed at cell division. The collenchyma wall consists of six to eight layers in which the microfibrils are alternately transversely and longitudinally oriented. Each layer consists of a number of lamellae of microfibrils. In the secondary lignified wall the cellulose microfibrils are arranged helically, the direction of their orientation making an angle of 40-45° to the cell axis. Excised leaf segments showed greatest elongation in solutions of glucose and 3-indoleacetic acid, when the collenchyma walls were thin, and no elongation occurred in segments in which secondary wall formation had commenced. In radial sections layers of transversely oriented microfibrils could not be seen distant from the lumen although discontinuities in wall texture were apparent. Layers of transversely oriented microfibrils could be seen adjacent to the lumen. It is suggested that reorientation of layers of initially transversely oriented microfibrils takes place during elongation of the cells.

scholarly journals RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDY OF CELL WALL DEPOSITION IN GROWING PLANT CELLS

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition ◽  
Cell Wall Expansion

Segments cut from growing oat coleoptiles and pea stems were fed glucose-3H in presence and absence of the growth hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). By means of electron microscope radioautography it was demonstrated that new cell wall material is deposited both at the wall surface (apposition) and within the preexisting wall structure (internally). Quantitative profiles for the distribution of incorporation with position through the thickness of the wall were obtained for the thick outer wall of epidermal cells. With both oat coleoptile and pea stem epidermal outer walls, it was found that a larger proportion of the newly synthesized wall material appeared to become incorporated within the wall in the presence of IAA. Extraction experiments on coleoptile tissue showed that activity that had been incorporated into the cell wall interior represented noncellulosic constituents, mainly hemicelluloses, whereas cellulose was deposited largely or entirely by apposition. It seems possible that internal incorporation of hemicelluloses plays a role in the cell wall expansion process that is involved in cell growth.

Effect of Auxin on Weedy Rice Mesocotyl Cell Wall Oxidase

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Qian Liang ◽  
Che Wang ◽  
Wen Fu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Mesocotyl Elongation ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase

The seedling was developed on the dark condition by artificial climate chamber to determine the content of Auxin (IAA), activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAO) and cell wall peroxidase (POD), mesocotyl length change and cell wall oxidase activity variation applied IAA. The study proves that endogenous hormone IAA content of long mesocotyl in weedy rice were much higher than that of short mesocotyl in Akimitsu. With the growth of mesocotyl elongation, endogenous IAA content showed cumulative effects. And then accumulation of IAA content reached up to maximum, when the Mesocotyl elongation stoped to grow. IAA might play a decisive role in the process of hypocotyl elongation. Reduction in the activity of IAO and POD accelerated the transformation from bound IAA to free IAA and promoted cell elongation and mesocotyl elongation.

scholarly journals AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF PLANT PEROXIDASE IN CELL WALL DEVELOPMENT BY THE HISTOCHEMICAL METHOD

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD W. DE JONG
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Plant Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Cell Wall Development ◽  
Root Tissues

Peroxidase localization is cytoplasmic in juvenile onion root tissues and associated with the walls in mature cells. The enzyme reaction is strongest in tissues which do not lignify, but is wholly absent in the lignifying xylem throughout all stages of development. One wall surface—the cortical-endodermal junction—exhibits a thermostable, cyanide-insensitive peroxidase reaction. This "pseudoperoxidase" is located at a site which stains most heavily for pectic material. Phenolic deposition occurs at the opposite wall surface in the endodermal cell. The reciprocal interaction observed between peroxidase enzyme and the plant growth hormone, indoleacetic acid, is not compatible with the concept that plant peroxidase is identical with indoleacetic acid-oxidase. Although auxin treatment changes the pattern of peroxidase localization in cell walls, the accumulation of hormone is greatest in hypodermal cells which are strongly positive for peroxidase. A mutual exclusion phenomenon observed for peroxidase and sulfhydryl proteins localized in the cells of young root tissues does not persist into the mature tissues where these two reactions can occur at the same wall sites. The data do not support the theory that plant peroxidase is involved in cell wall synthesis. Its occurrence in conjunction with cell wall fractions may be incidental and only indirectly related to the natural redox function of the enzyme.

Influence of Cell Wall Composition on the Fossilisation of Bacteria and the Implications for the Search for Early Life Forms

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Westall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe oldest cell-like structures on Earth are preserved in silicified lagoonal, shallow sea or hydrothermal sediments, such as some Archean formations in Western Australia and South Africa. Previous studies concentrated on the search for organic fossils in Archean rocks. Observations of silicified bacteria (as silica minerals) are scarce for both the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic, but reports of mineral bacteria finds, in general, are increasing. The problems associated with the identification of authentic fossil bacteria and, if possible, closer identification of bacteria type can, in part, be overcome by experimental fossilisation studies. These have shown that not all bacteria fossilise in the same way and, indeed, some seem to be very resistent to fossilisation. This paper deals with a transmission electron microscope investigation of the silicification of four species of bacteria commonly found in the environment. The Gram positiveBacillus laterosporusand its spore produced a robust, durable crust upon silicification, whereas the Gram negativePseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. vesicularis, andPs. acidovoranspresented delicately preserved walls. The greater amount of peptidoglycan, containing abundant metal cation binding sites, in the cell wall of the Gram positive bacterium, probably accounts for the difference in the mode of fossilisation. The Gram positive bacteria are, therefore, probably most likely to be preserved in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock record.

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
William J. VanDerWoude
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

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