scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Dioxide, Osmotic Potential of Nutrient Solution, and Light Intensity on Transpiration and Resistance to Flow of Water in Pepper Plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Janes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Pepper Plants

Carbon dioxide enrichment and water stress interaction on growth of two tomato cultivars

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Paez ◽  
H. Hellmers ◽  
B. R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Total Leaf

SummaryIf atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration continues to increase, plant growth and crop yield could be affected. New Yorker and Better Boy cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were used to investigate possible intraspecific variation in the response of crop species to increased CO2. Because precipitation and temperature are predicted to change with the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, the response of the two cultivars to the interaction between CO2 and water stress was also examined. Seeds of the two cultivars were germinated and grown under controlled environmental conditions, in either 350 or 675 μ1 CO2/1.The plant water status of the two cultivars was inherently different but was little affected by the CO2 concentration when the plants were well watered. When water was withheld for 5 days the total leaf water potential and osmotic potential decreased in both CO2 treatments but less rapidly in high CO2 than in low. Under low CO2 total leaf water potential decreased to a lower value than osmotic potential. The differences were due, at least in part, to the reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under high CO2.Increased CO2 ameliorated the detrimental effects of drought stress on plant growth. The results indicate that increased CO2 could differentially affect the relative drought resistance of species cultivars.

Carbon Dioxide Assimilation and Foliar Ion Concentrations in Leaves of Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Trees Irrigated With Nacl or Na2SO4

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Walker ◽  
DH Blackmore ◽  
Q Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

An attempt was made to differentiate between the possible effects of high Cl- or Na+ ions on lemon leaf photosynthesis by treating grafted (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. cv. 'Taylor') plants with either NaCl or Na2SO4 to establish different foliar concentrations of Cl- or Na+. The rootstocks, Rangpur lime (C. reticulata var. austera hybrid?) and rough lemon (C. jambhiri), were chosen because Rangpur lime is known to be a good Cl- 'excluder' and rough lemon to be a poor Cl- 'excluder'. The grafted plants were initially treated for 7 weeks with nutrient solution (control) or nutrient solution containing 50 mol m-3 NaCl or 25 mol m-3 Na2SO4, after which time there were only marginal reductions in both photosynthetic rates and shoot growth, with the exception of 'Taylor' lemon on rough lemon roostock treated with NaCl where growth was affected more severely than the other treatments. Salinity levels were then doubled to 100 mol m-3 NaCl and 50 mol m-3 Na2SO4 and the plants treated for a further 8 weeks, causing significant increases in leaf Na+ and/or Cl- concentrations. Mature, 3-4-month-old leaves of 'Taylor' lemon on Rangpur lime rootstock treated with Na2SO4 for this period, contained c. 105 mol m-3 Na+ and c. 10 mol m-3 Cl- and had photosynthetic rates 60% lower than controls. Similar reductions in assimilation rate were seen in leaves on rough lemon roostock treated with NaCl containing c. 195 mol m-3 Cl- and c. 35 mol m-3 Na+. Smaller (35%) but significant reductions in assimilation rate were observed for trees on rough lemon roostock treated with Na2SO4, where the tagged leaves contained c. 40 mol m-3 Na+ and 50 mol m-3 SO42-. Leaf nitrogen concentrations were significantly reduced by treatment of trees with NaCl or Na2SO4 but, apart from small reductions in chlorophyll concentrations, there were no visible symptoms of nitrogen deficiency. Leaf turgor was not adversely affected. The data indicate that both Cl- and Na+ can reduce assimilation rates in salt-stressed lemon leaves, possibly because of poor compartmentation within leaves of either ion. Increases in leaf Na+ and Cl- accounted for 54-96% of the reduction in osmotic potential in 'Taylor' lemon leaves on trees treated with NaCl, whereas increases in Na+ and SO42- accounted for 33-71% of the reduction in osmotic potential in leaves on trees irrigated with Na2SO4. The greater increase in Cl- compared with the net increase of [Na+ + K+] in 'Taylor' leaves on rough lemon rootstocks was offset (65%) by reductions in malic and succinic acids. Proline increased significantly only in 'Taylor' leaves on Rangpur lime roostock treated with Na2SO4.

scholarly journals Flavonoid Productivity Optimized for Green and Red Forms of Perilla frutescens via Environmental Control Technologies in Plant Factory

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lu ◽  
Michiko Takagaki ◽  
Wataru Yamori ◽  
Natsuko Kagawa
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Control Technologies

Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) is a dietary staple in Asia. It is an abundant source of flavonoids that are bioactively beneficial to human health and fitness. The current popularity of plant-based consumption is being driven by the healthful benefits of bioactive nutrition, and the concentration of bioactive agents found in raw plant materials is an important factor in the assessment of food quality. To test the feasibility of promoting flavonoid productivity in perilla plants via environmental treatment, plant factory technology was applied to perilla plant cultivation. Apigenin (AG) and luteolin (LT) are two of the most potent anticarcinogenic flavonoids in perilla, and these are also found in many vegetables and fruits. Quantitative analysis of AG and LT was conducted on plants cultivated under nine environmental forms of treatment imposed by three levels of light intensity (100, 200, and 300 µmol·m−2·s−1) combined with three levels of nutrient-solution concentration (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 dS·m−1) for hydroculture. The contents of AG in green and red perilla plant were increased by high nutrient-solution levels under the same light intensity. In green perilla, the highest concentration of AG (8.50 µg·g−1) was obtained under treatment of the highest level of nutrient-solution (3.0 dS·m−1) and 200 µmol·m−2·s−1 of light intensity, whereas in red perilla, the highest concentration of AG (6.38 µg·g−1) was achieved from the highest levels of both of these forms of treatment (300 µmol·m−2·s−1 and 3.0 dS·m−1). The increase in AG content per plant between the lowest and the highest levels was recorded by 6.4-fold and 8.6-fold in green and red perilla, respectively. The behavior of LT concentration differed between green and red forms of perilla. LT concentration in red perilla was enhanced under nutrient deficiency (1.0 dS·m−1) and affected by light intensity. Different responses were observed in the accumulations of AG and LT in red and green perilla during treatments, and this phenomenon was discussed in terms of biosynthetic pathways that involve the expressions of phenylpropanoids and anthocyanins. The total yield of flavonoids (AG and LT) was improved with the optimization of those forms of treatment, with the best total yields: 33.9 mg·plant−1 in green Perilla; 10.0 mg·plant−1 in red perilla, and a 4.9-fold and a 5.4-fold increase was recorded in green and red perilla, respectively. This study revealed that flavone biosynthesis and accumulation in perilla plants could be optimized via environmental control technologies, and this approach could be applicable to leafy vegetables with bioactive nutrition to produce a stable industrial supply of high flavonoid content.

scholarly journals Design of Intelligent Monitoring System of Chicken House Environment Based on Single-chip Microcomputer

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Qing Du ◽  
Yanhua Miao ◽  
Yunhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Chicken House

In view of the problem that some chicken farms are susceptible to various bacteria and viruses due to poor breeding environment, this paper designs a chicken house environmental intelligent monitoring system based on single-chip microcomputer application to improve the chicken house environment. The system adopts STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the main control chip. The sensor collects information on the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and controls the exhaust fan and the illumination lamp, and the environmental parameters can be displayed on the display in real time.

scholarly journals Influence of Sub- Versus Top-irrigation and Surfactants in a Recirculating System on Disease Incidence Caused by Phytophthora spp. in Potted Pepper Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Stanghellini ◽  
C. J. Nielsen ◽  
D. H. Kim ◽  
S. L. Rasmussen ◽  
P. A. Rorbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Recycled Nutrient Solution ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Zoospores of Phytophthora capsici spread from inoculated source plants to healthy potted pepper plants located on separate ebb-and-flow benches when the recycled nutrient solution originated from a common reservoir. Amending the recirculating nutrient solution with a surfactant, which selectively kills zoospores, resulted in 100% control of the spread of the pathogen in an ebb-and-flow and a top-irrigated cultural system. Without a surfactant in the recirculating nutrient solution, all plants in an ebb-and-flow cultural system died within 6 weeks. In contrast, all plants in a top-irrigated cultural system died within 2 weeks after inoculation of source plants. These results suggest that the use of recycled irrigation water in an ebb-and-flow cultural system is less conducive to pathogen spread than its use in a top-irrigated cultural system, but may still serve as efficient means of inoculum movement in the absence of control measures.

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