scholarly journals In Vitro Autolysis of Plant Cell Walls

1967 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 968-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Hwa Lee ◽  
A. Kivilaan ◽  
Robert S. Bandurski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

Wheat cell walls and constituent polysaccharides induce similar microbiota profiles upon in vitro fermentation despite different short chain fatty acid end-product levels.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Lu ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Hong Yao ◽  
Barbara Williams ◽  
Bernadine Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Plant cell walls as well as their component polysaccharides in foods can be utilized to alter and maintain a beneficial human gut microbiota, but it is not known whether the...

Purified plant cell walls with adsorbed polyphenols alter porcine faecal bacterial communities during in vitro fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 834-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Grant ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Anh Dao T. Phan ◽  
Seungha Kang ◽  
Diane Ouwerkerk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Populations

A simplified in vitro model to indicate microbiota changes to polyphenols associated with dietary fibre in whole fruits, noting differences in bacterial populations between polyphenolic groups during fermentation.

Independent fermentation and metabolism of dietary polyphenols associated with a plant cell wall model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2218-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. T. Phan ◽  
B. A. Williams ◽  
G. Netzel ◽  
D. Mikkelsen ◽  
B. R. D'Arcy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Wall Model ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols

The metabolic pathways of polyphenol degradation are not influenced by the presence of plant cell walls during in vitro fermentation, but co-fermentation of cell walls may lead to faster microbial metabolism of polyphenols.

scholarly journals In Vivo Competitions between Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Ruminoccus albus in a Gnotobiotic Sheep Model Revealed by Multi-Omic Analyses

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Yeoman ◽  
Christopher J. Fields ◽  
Pascale Lepercq ◽  
Philippe Ruiz ◽  
Evelyne Forano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens are the three predominant cellulolytic bacterial species found in the rumen. In vitro studies have shown that these species compete for adherence to, and growth upon, cellulosic biomass. Yet their molecular interactions in vivo have not heretofore been examined. Gnotobiotically raised lambs harboring a 17-h-old immature microbiota devoid of culturable cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens were inoculated first with F. succinogenes S85 and Methanobrevibacter sp. strain 87.7, and 5 months later, the lambs were inoculated with R. albus 8 and R. flavefaciens FD-1. Longitudinal samples were collected and profiled for population dynamics, gene expression, fibrolytic enzyme activity, in sacco fibrolysis, and metabolite profiling. Quantitative PCR, metagenome and metatranscriptome data show that F. succinogenes establishes at high levels initially but is gradually outcompeted following the introduction of the ruminococci. This shift resulted in an increase in carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities but not in greater fibrolysis, suggesting that F. succinogenes and ruminococci deploy different but equally effective means to degrade plant cell walls. Expression profiles showed that F. succinogenes relied upon outer membrane vesicles and a diverse repertoire of CAZymes, while R. albus and R. flavefaciens preferred type IV pili and either CBM37-harboring or cellulosomal carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), respectively. The changes in cellulolytics also affected the rumen metabolome, including an increase in acetate and butyrate at the expense of propionate. In conclusion, this study provides the first demonstration of in vivo competition between the three predominant cellulolytic bacteria and provides insight on the influence of these ecological interactions on rumen fibrolytic function and metabolomic response. IMPORTANCE Ruminant animals, including cattle and sheep, depend on their rumen microbiota to digest plant biomass and convert it into absorbable energy. Considering that the extent of meat and milk production depends on the efficiency of the microbiota to deconstruct plant cell walls, the functionality of predominant rumen cellulolytic bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, has been extensively studied in vitro to obtain a better knowledge of how they operate to hydrolyze polysaccharides and ultimately find ways to enhance animal production. This study provides the first evidence of in vivo competitions between F. succinogenes and the two Ruminococcus species. It shows that a simple disequilibrium within the cellulolytic community has repercussions on the rumen metabolome and fermentation end products. This finding will have to be considered in the future when determining strategies aiming at directing rumen fermentations for animal production.

Exploration of cell wall architecture with the rapid-freeze deep-etch technique

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre ◽  
Chris Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

The comprehension of the molecular architecture of plant cell walls is one of the best examples in cell biology which illustrates how developments in microscopy have extended the frontiers of a topic. Indeed from the first electron microscope observation of cell walls it has become apparent that our understanding of wall structure has advanced hand in hand with improvements in the technology of specimen preparation for electron microscopy. Cell walls are sub-cellular compartments outside the peripheral plasma membrane, the construction of which depends on a complex cellular biosynthetic and secretory activity (1). They are composed of interwoven polymers, synthesised independently, which together perform a number of varied functions. Biochemical studies have provided us with much data on the varied molecular composition of plant cell walls. However, the detailed intermolecular relationships and the three dimensional arrangement of the polymers in situ remains a mystery. The difficulty in establishing a general molecular model for plant cell walls is also complicated by the vast diversity in wall composition among plant species.

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