scholarly journals Genes of the RAV Family Control Heading Date and Carpel Development in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 1663-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Osnato ◽  
Luis Matias-Hernandez ◽  
Andrea Elizabeth Aguilar-Jaramillo ◽  
Martin M. Kater ◽  
Soraya Pelaz
Keyword(s):  
Heading Date ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Carpel Development

Comparing Genetic Variation within Red Winter Wheat Populations with and without Image-Based Optical Sorter Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Khaeim ◽  
Anthony Clark ◽  
Tom Pearson ◽  
Dr. David Van Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Head Scab

Head scab is historically a devastating disease affecting not just all classes of wheat but also barley and other small grains around the world. Fusarium head blight (FHB), or head scab, is caused most often by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), (sexual stage – Gibberella zeae) although several Fusarium spp. can cause the disease. This study was conducted to determine the effect of mass selection for FHB resistance using an image-based optical sorter. lines were derived from the C0 and C2 of two populations to compare genetic variation within populations with and without sorter selection. Our overall hypothesis is that sorting grain results in improved Fusarium head blight resistance. Both of the used wheat derived line populations have genetic variation, and population 1 has more than population 17. They are significantly different from each other for fusarium damged kernel (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON), and other FHB traits. Although both populations are suitable to be grown for bulks, population 1 seems better since it has more genetic variation as well as lower FDK and DON, and earlier heading date. Lines within each population were significantly different and some lines in each population had significantly lower FDK and DON after selection using an optical sorter. Some lines had significant reduction in both FDK and DON, and some others had either FDK or DON reduction. Lines of population 1 that had significant reduction, were more numerous than in population 17, and FDK and DON reduction were greater.

“I WRITE LETTER, AND AROUND GOES BATTLE”: CULTURAL GAPS IN WARTIME

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Anna Kimerling
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Family Care ◽  
World War ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Cultural Gaps

The article is devoted to the features of the wartime culture. The source was a unique collection of letters from the fronts of World War II, written by political instructor Arkady Georgievich Endaltsev. The war led to the breakdown of familiar cultural models. It is important to understand how, adaptation to new standards occurred on an individual level. For A. Endaltsev, family care practices were a way to bridge cultural gaps. They are reflected in the letters. There, framed by ideologically verified stamps, one can find financial assistance to the family, control over the education of the daughter, the need for a continuous flow of information about the life of the wife and children.

QTL Analysis for Plant Height and Heading Date in Rice under Two Nitrogen Levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue FENG ◽  
Rong-Rong ZHAI ◽  
Li-Yong CAO ◽  
Ze-Chuan LIN ◽  
Xing-Hua WEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Interaction Between CPPU and NAA on Fruit Thinning and Fruit Development in Selected Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 513c-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bukovac ◽  
Jerome Hull ◽  
John C. Neilsen ◽  
Michael Schroeder ◽  
Georg Noga
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Carpel Development ◽  
Return Bloom

NAA is used extensively for fruit thinning of apples to increase fruit size and to promote return bloom. In some cultivars, even if thinning is achieved, fruit size at harvest may be less than expected based on crop load. CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N.-phenylurea, has been shown to increase fruit growth in apples, grapes, and kiwi. We evaluated combinations of NAA and CPPU on thinning, fruit growth and return bloom in Redchief `Delicious', `Elstar', and `Gloster'. CPPU was applied at 5 mgμL–1 (based on 0 to 10 mgμL–1 response curve) in combination with 15 mgμL–1 NAA as high-volume sprays at 7 to 10 mm KFD. Yield and fruit size distribution (on total yield) were used as index of response. In `Delicious', CPPU (3-year study) increased % large (70 mm+) fruit, but in the presence of NAA % large fruit was reduced 2 of the 3 years. CPPU did not induce significant thinning. There were no significant effects on color or soluble solids; firmness was increased slightly and seed number reduced. The L/D ratio was increased and uneven lobe and carpel development was common. CPPU had no significant effect on return bloom in presence or absence of NAA, but NAA increased bloom in both the presence and absence of CPPU. With `Elstar' (2-year study) there was no significant thinning with either chemical, but CPPU increased mean fruit size and % large (70–80 mm) fruit over nonthinned, but not significantly greater than NAA alone. There were no significant differences in firmness, color, soluble solids or seed number. NAA + CPPU did not inhibit fruit growth or cause excessive uneven carpel development. Frost damage reduced crop load in `Gloster' where results were similar to `Elstar' except seed number was reduced by the NAA + CPPU combination.

scholarly journals QTL Analysis of Five Morpho-Physiological Traits in Bread Wheat Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Paolo Vitale ◽  
Fabio Fania ◽  
Salvatore Esposito ◽  
Ivano Pecorella ◽  
Nicola Pecchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Map Resolution ◽  
Mapping Populations

Traits such as plant height (PH), juvenile growth habit (GH), heading date (HD), and tiller number are important for both increasing yield potential and improving crop adaptation to climate change. In the present study, these traits were investigated by using the same bi-parental population at early (F2 and F2-derived F3 families) and late (F6 and F7, recombinant inbred lines, RILs) generations to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and search for candidate genes. A total of 176 and 178 lines were genotyped by the wheat Illumina 25K Infinium SNP array. The two genetic maps spanned 2486.97 cM and 3732.84 cM in length, for the F2 and RILs, respectively. QTLs explaining the highest phenotypic variation were found on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 5A, and 7D for HD and GH, whereas those for PH were found on chromosomes 4B and 4D. Several QTL detected in the early generations (i.e., PH and tiller number) were not detected in the late generations as they were due to dominance effects. Some of the identified QTLs co-mapped to well-known adaptive genes (i.e., Ppd-1, Vrn-1, and Rht-1). Other putative candidate genes were identified for each trait, of which PINE1 and PIF4 may be considered new for GH and TTN in wheat. The use of a large F2 mapping population combined with NGS-based genotyping techniques could improve map resolution and allow closer QTL tagging.

scholarly journals O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase is involved in fine regulation of flowering time in winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Fan ◽  
Fang Miao ◽  
Haiyan Jia ◽  
Genqiao Li ◽  
Carol Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Glcnac Transferase

AbstractVernalization genes underlying dramatic differences in flowering time between spring wheat and winter wheat have been studied extensively, but little is known about genes that regulate subtler differences in flowering time among winter wheat cultivars, which account for approximately 75% of wheat grown worldwide. Here, we identify a gene encoding anO-linkedN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) that differentiates heading date between winter wheat cultivars Duster and Billings. We clone thisTaOGT1gene from a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for heading date in a mapping population derived from these two bread wheat cultivars and analyzed in various environments. Transgenic complementation analysis shows that constitutive overexpression ofTaOGT1bfrom Billings accelerates the heading of transgenic Duster plants.TaOGT1 is able to transfer anO-GlcNAc group to wheat proteinTaGRP2. Our findings establish important roles forTaOGT1in winter wheat in adaptation to global warming in the future climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling of developing leaf and shoot apices to reveal the molecular mechanism and co-expression genes responsible for the wheat heading date

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Yang ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Lifen Wu ◽  
Lichao Zhang ◽  
Guoxiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Double Ridge

Abstract Background Wheat is one of the most widely planted crops worldwide. The heading date is important for wheat environmental adaptability, as it not only controls flowering time but also determines the yield component in terms of grain number per spike. Results In this research, homozygous genotypes with early and late heading dates derived from backcrossed progeny were selected to conduct RNA-Seq analysis at the double ridge stage (W2.0) and androgynous primordium differentiation stage (W3.5) of the leaf and apical meristem, respectively. In total, 18,352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, many of which are strongly associated with wheat heading date genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that carbohydrate metabolism, trehalose metabolic process, photosynthesis, and light reaction are closely related to the flowering time regulation pathway. Based on MapMan metabolic analysis, the DEGs are mainly involved in the light reaction, hormone signaling, lipid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. In addition, 1,225 DEGs were annotated to 45 transcription factor gene families, including LFY, SBP, and MADS-box transcription factors closely related to flowering time. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that 16, 336, 446, and 124 DEGs have biological connections with Vrn1-5 A, Vrn3-7B, Ppd-1D, and WSOC1, respectively. Furthermore, TraesCS2D02G181400 encodes a MADS-MIKC transcription factor and is co-expressed with Vrn1-5 A, which indicates that this gene may be related to flowering time. Conclusions RNA-Seq analysis provided transcriptome data for the wheat heading date at key flower development stages of double ridge (W2.0) and androgynous primordium differentiation (W3.5). Based on the DEGs identified, co-expression networks of key flowering time genes in Vrn1-5 A, Vrn3-7B, WSOC1, and Ppd-1D were established. Moreover, we discovered a potential candidate flowering time gene, TraesCS2D02G181400. Taken together, these results serve as a foundation for further study on the regulatory mechanism of the wheat heading date.

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