scholarly journals Compensatory Guaiacyl Lignin Biosynthesis at the Expense of Syringyl Lignin in 4CL1-Knockout Poplar

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Jui Tsai ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Liang-Jiao Xue ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Batbayar Nyamdari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Syringyl Lignin ◽  
Guaiacyl Lignin

scholarly journals Compensatory guaiacyl lignin biosynthesis at the expense of syringyl lignin in 4CL1-knockout poplar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Jui Tsai ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Liang-Jiao Xue ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Batbayar Nyamdari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sulfur Assimilation ◽  
Syringyl Lignin ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Thiol Redox ◽  
Guaiacyl Lignin ◽  
Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway

AbstractThe lignin biosynthetic pathway is highly conserved in angiosperms, yet pathway manipulations give rise to a variety of taxon-specific outcomes. Knockout of lignin-associated 4-coumarate:CoA ligases (4CLs) in herbaceous species mainly reduces guaiacyl (G) lignin and enhances cell wall saccharification. Here we show that CRISPR-knockout of 4CL1 in Populus tremula × alba preferentially reduced syringyl (S) lignin, with negligible effects on biomass recalcitrance. Concordant with reduced S-lignin was downregulation of ferulate 5-hydroxylases (F5Hs). Lignification was largely sustained by 4CL5, a low-affinity paralog of 4CL1 typically with only minor xylem expression or activity. Levels of caffeate, the preferred substrate of 4CL5, increased in line with significant upregulation of caffeoyl shikimate esterase1. Upregulation of caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase1 and downregulation of F5Hs are consistent with preferential funneling of 4CL5 products toward G-lignin biosynthesis at the expense of S-lignin. Thus, transcriptional and metabolic adaptations to 4CL1-knockout appear to have enabled 4CL5 catalysis at a level sufficient to sustain lignification. Finally, genes involved in sulfur assimilation, the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and various antioxidant systems were upregulated in the mutants, suggesting cascading responses to perturbed thioesterification in lignin biosynthesis.One sentence summaryKnockout of lignin-associated 4CL1 in Populus reveals a 4CL5-dependent, caffeate-modulated compensatory pathway for lignification with links to thiol redox balance and sulfur assimilation.

scholarly journals Coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylation and methylation direct syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (16) ◽  
pp. 8955-8960 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Osakabe ◽  
C. C. Tsao ◽  
L. Li ◽  
J. L. Popko ◽  
T. Umezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Syringyl Lignin

Influence of type and amount of lignin on decay by Coriolusversicolor

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Highley
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Syringyl Lignin ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Guaiacyl Lignin

Samples of a hardwood containing primarily coniferous (guaiacyl) lignin and hardwoods and softwoods with normal amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin were degraded by the white-rot fungus Coriolusversicolor (L. ex Fr.) to assess the influence of type and amount of lignin on rate of decay. Lignin and carbohydrate losses were compared for the woods at various degrees of weight loss. The hardwood with coniferous lignin was degraded in a manner similar to the softwoods, indicating that the type of lignin is more a factor in the slower rate of C. versicolor decay of softwoods than is the amount of lignin, or the anatomical structure itself.

scholarly journals Syringyl lignin biosynthesis is directly regulated by a secondary cell wall master switch

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (32) ◽  
pp. 14496-14501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhao ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
Y. Yin ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
F. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Syringyl Lignin

scholarly journals MYB103 is required forFERULATE-5-HYDROXYLASEexpression and syringyl lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis stems

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Öhman ◽  
Brecht Demedts ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Lorenz Gerber ◽  
András Gorzsás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Syringyl Lignin

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Occurrence of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yao ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Meng Xie ◽  
Jaime Barros ◽  
Timothy J. Tschaplinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Epsp Synthase ◽  
Syringyl Lignin ◽  
Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants and provides precursors for lignin biosynthesis. Lignin first appeared in tracheophytes and has been hypothesized to have played pivotal roles in land plant colonization. In this review, we summarize recent progress in defining the lignin biosynthetic pathway in lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. In particular, we review the key structural genes involved in p-hydroxyphenyl-, guaiacyl-, and syringyl-lignin biosynthesis across plant taxa and consider and integrate new insights on major transcription factors, such as NACs and MYBs. We also review insight regarding a new transcriptional regulator, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, canonically identified as a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway. We use several case studies, including EPSP synthase, to illustrate the evolution processes of gene duplication and neo-functionalization in lignin biosynthesis. This review provides new insights into the genetic engineering of the lignin biosynthetic pathway to overcome biomass recalcitrance in bioenergy crops.

scholarly journals Simultaneous regulation of F5H in COMT ‐ RNA i transgenic switchgrass alters effects of COMT suppression on syringyl lignin biosynthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenying Wu ◽  
Nengfei Wang ◽  
Hiroshi Hisano ◽  
Yingping Cao ◽  
Fengyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Syringyl Lignin ◽  
Rna I

scholarly journals Independent Recruitment of an O-Methyltransferase for Syringyl Lignin Biosynthesis in Selaginella moellendorffii

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 2708-2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Ke Weng ◽  
Takuya Akiyama ◽  
John Ralph ◽  
Clint Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Syringyl Lignin ◽  
Selaginella Moellendorffii
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