scholarly journals Early Senescence in Older Leaves of Low Nitrate-Grown Atxdh1 Uncovers a Role for Purine Catabolism in N Supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigerim Soltabayeva ◽  
Sudhakar Srivastava ◽  
Assylay Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Aizat Bekturova ◽  
Robert Fluhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purine Catabolism ◽  
N Supply

scholarly journals Purine Catabolism in Plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Guranowski
Keyword(s):  
Purine Catabolism

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Supply Ameliorates the Performance of Wheat Seedlings under Osmotic Stress in Genotype-Specific Manner

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Kartseva ◽  
Anelia Dobrikova ◽  
Konstantina Kocheva ◽  
Vladimir Alexandrov ◽  
Georgi Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Modern Variety ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
N Deficiency

Strategies and coping mechanisms for stress tolerance under sub-optimal nutrition conditions could provide important guidelines for developing selection criteria in sustainable agriculture. Nitrogen (N) is one of the major nutrients limiting the growth and yield of crop plants, among which wheat is probably the most substantial to human diet worldwide. Physiological status and photosynthetic capacity of two contrasting wheat genotypes (old Slomer and modern semi-dwarf Enola) were evaluated at the seedling stage to assess how N supply affected osmotic stress tolerance and capacity of plants to survive drought periods. It was evident that higher N input in both varieties contributed to better performance under dehydration. The combination of lower N supply and water deprivation (osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol treatment) led to greater damage of the photosynthetic efficiency and a higher degree of oxidative stress than the individually applied stresses. The old wheat variety had better N assimilation efficiency, and it was also the one with better performance under N deficiency. However, when both N and water were deficient, the modern variety demonstrated better photosynthetic performance. It was concluded that different strategies for overcoming osmotic stress alone or in combination with low N could be attributed to differences in the genetic background. Better performance of the modern variety conceivably indicated that semi-dwarfing (Rht) alleles might have a beneficial effect in arid regions and N deficiency conditions.

Nitrogen use efficiency: does a trade-off exist between the N productivity and the mean residence time within species?

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Y. Yuan ◽  
Han Y. H. Chen ◽  
Ling H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be divided into two components, i.e. N productivity (A) and the mean residence time (MRT). Controlled experiments indicate that there is not a trade-off between A and MRT within species, but this theory has not been well tested in field conditions. Here, we studied the A, MRT and NUE of Stipa krylovii Roshev. in a grassland over 4 years of N fertilisation experimentation. The three parameters (A, MRT and NUE) were significantly related to soil N supply and there was a negative relationship between A and MRT within this species (r = –0.775, P < 0.05), i.e. plants with higher A had lower MRT. Our results showed a trade-off between A and MRT within this Stipa species and this observed trade-off was attributed to different responses of A and MRT to soil fertility.

scholarly journals An update on image forming methods: structure analysis and Gestalt evaluation of images from rocket lettuce with shading, N supply, organic or mineral fertilization, and biodynamic preparations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Athmann ◽  
Roya Bornhütter ◽  
Nicolaas Busscher ◽  
Paul Doesburg ◽  
Uwe Geier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Forming Methods

AbstractIn the image forming methods, copper chloride crystallization (CCCryst), capillary dynamolysis (CapDyn), and circular chromatography (CChrom), characteristic patterns emerge in response to different food extracts. These patterns reflect the resistance to decomposition as an aspect of resilience and are therefore used in product quality assessment complementary to chemical analyses. In the presented study, rocket lettuce from a field trial with different radiation intensities, nitrogen supply, biodynamic, organic and mineral fertilization, and with or without horn silica application was investigated with all three image forming methods. The main objective was to compare two different evaluation approaches, differing in the type of image forming method leading the evaluation, the amount of factors analyzed, and the deployed perceptual strategy: Firstly, image evaluation of samples from all four experimental factors simultaneously by two individual evaluators was based mainly on analyzing structural features in CapDyn (analytical perception). Secondly, a panel of eight evaluators applied a Gestalt evaluation imbued with a kinesthetic engagement of CCCryst patterns from either fertilization treatments or horn silica treatments, followed by a confirmatory analysis of individual structural features. With the analytical approach, samples from different radiation intensities and N supply levels were identified correctly in two out of two sample sets with groups of five samples per treatment each (Cohen’s kappa, p = 0.0079), and the two organic fertilizer treatments were differentiated from the mineral fertilizer treatment in eight out of eight sample sets with groups of three manure and two minerally fertilized samples each (Cohen’s kappa, p = 0.0048). With the panel approach based on Gestalt evaluation, biodynamic fertilization was differentiated from organic and mineral fertilization in two out of two exams with 16 comparisons each (Friedman test, p < 0.001), and samples with horn silica application were successfully identified in two out of two exams with 32 comparisons each (Friedman test, p < 0.001). Further research will show which properties of the food decisive for resistance to decomposition are reflected by analytical and Gestalt criteria, respectively, in CCCryst and CapDyn images.

Purine Catabolism: Links to Mitochondrial Respiration and Antioxidant Defenses?

1999 ◽  
Vol 370 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Kristal ◽  
Karen E. Vigneau-Callahan ◽  
Alison J. Moskowitz ◽  
Wayne R. Matson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Purine Catabolism

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Loading on the Defensive Traits of Three Successional Deciduous Broad-Leaved Tree Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Yoko Watanabe ◽  
Kiyomi Hinata ◽  
Laiye Qu ◽  
Satoshi Kitaoka ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Successional Species

To elucidate changes in the defensive traits of tree seedlings under global environmental changes, we evaluated foliar defensive traits of the seedlings of successional trees, such as beech, oak, and magnolia grown in a natural-light phytotron. Potted seedlings were grown under the combination of two CO2 concentrations (360 vs. 720 ppm) and two nitrogen (N) treatments (4 vs. 15 kg N ha−1 yr−1) for two growing seasons using quantitative chemical analyses and anatomical method. We hypothesized that the effects of CO2 and N depend on the successional type, with late successional species providing greater defense of their leaves against herbivores, as this species exhibits determinate growth. Beech, a late successional species, responded the most to both elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) and high N treatment. eCO2 and low N supply enhanced the defensive traits, such as the high leaf mass per area (LMA), high carbon to N ratio (C/N ratio), and increase in the concentrations of total phenolic and condensed tannin in agreement with the carbon–nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. High N supply decreased the C/N ratio due to the high N uptake in beech leaves. Oak, a mid–late successional species, exhibited different responses from beech: eCO2 enhanced the LMA, C/N ratio, and concentration of total phenolics of oak leaves, but only condensed tannin increased under high N supply. Magnolia did not respond to all treatments. No interactive effects were observed between CO2 and N supply in all species, except for the concentration of total phenolics in oak. Although the amounts of phenolic compounds in beech and oak varied under eCO2 and high N treatments, the distribution of these compounds did not change. Our results indicate that the changes in the defensive traits of forest tree species under eCO2 with N loading are related to the successional type.

The effect of energy and nitrogen supply pattern on rumen bacterial growthin vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Henning ◽  
D. G. Steyn ◽  
H. H. Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Growth Efficiency ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Pulse Dose ◽  
Supply Pattern ◽  
Glucose Supply

AbstractThe effect of energy and nitrogen (N) supply pattern on rumen bacterial growth was investigated in vitro. In experiment 1, glucose was was fed to batch cultures of mixed rumen bacteria according to three patterns namely a pulse dose at time zero (P); even increments at 0·5-h intervals (G) or an intermediate pattern (I), whilst N was supplied in excess. In experiment 2, glucose and N (not in excess) were fed to batch cultures according to four patterns namely glucose and N as pulse doses at time zero, (EPNP); glucose as a pulse dose at time zero and N in 24 even increments at 0·5-h intervals (EPNG); glucose in 24 even increments at 0·5-h intervals and N as a pulse dose at time zero (EGNP) or both glucose and N in 24 even increments at 0·5-h intervals (EGNG). Fermentaton was studied over a 12-h period for both experiments.In experiment 1, bacterial growth efficiency and specific growth rate (39·8,35·5 and 29·9 (g bacterial dry matter (DM) per mol glucose utilized) and 0·33, 0·27 and 0·20 (fraction per h) for treatments P, I, and G respectively) differed significantly between glucose supply patterns. In experiment 2, bacterial growth efficiency and specific growth rate (33·8, 34·7, 25·9 and 22·5 (g baterial DM per mol glucose) and 0·21, 0·18, 0·14 and 0·13 (fraction per h) for treatments EPNP, EPNG, EGNP and EGNG respectively) differed significantly only between glucose supply patterns.It is concluded that the pattern according to which a given amount of energy becomes available affects bacterial growth efficiency, with the fastest supply rate giving the highest efficiency and that, within accepted levels of N supply, synchronization between energy and N availability may be of less importance to bacterial growth efficiency than the energy supply pattern.

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