scholarly journals Gain-of-Function Mutants of the Cytokinin Receptors AHK2 and AHK3 Regulate Plant Organ Size, Flowering Time and Plant Longevity

2017 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 1783-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Bartrina ◽  
Helen Jensen ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Miroslav Strnad ◽  
Tomáš Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Cytokinin Receptors

scholarly journals Control of Plant Organ Size by KLUH/CYP78A5-Dependent Intercellular Signaling

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Anastasiou ◽  
Sabine Kenz ◽  
Moritz Gerstung ◽  
Daniel MacLean ◽  
Jens Timmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Size ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Plant Organ

scholarly journals Homeostatic and tumourigenic activity of SOX2+ pituitary stem cells is controlled by the LATS/YAP/TAZ cascade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J Lodge ◽  
Alice Santambrogio ◽  
John P Russell ◽  
Paraskevi Xekouki ◽  
Thomas Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Signalling Cascade

SOX2+ pituitary stem cells (PSCs) are specified embryonically and persist throughout life, giving rise to all pituitary endocrine lineages. We have previously shown activation of the MST/LATS/YAP/TAZ signalling cascade in the developing and postnatal mammalian pituitary. Here, we investigate function of this pathway during pituitary development and in the regulation of SOX2+ PSCs. Through loss- and gain-of-function genetic approaches, we reveal that restricting YAP/TAZ activation during development is essential for normal organ size and specification from SOX2+ PSCs. Postnatal deletion of LATS kinases and subsequent upregulation of YAP/TAZ leads to uncontrolled clonal expansion of SOX2+ PSCs and disruption of their differentiation, causing the formation of non-secreting, aggressive pituitary tumours. In contrast, sustained expression of YAP alone results in expansion of SOX2+ PSCs capable of differentiation and devoid of tumourigenic potential. Our findings identify the LATS/YAP/TAZ signalling cascade as an essential component of PSC regulation in normal pituitary physiology and tumourigenesis.

Control of Plant Organ Size

2008 ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Anastasiou ◽  
Michael Lenhard
Keyword(s):  
Organ Size ◽  
Plant Organ

scholarly journals Identification of genetic factors controlling domestication-related traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sassoum Lo ◽  
María Muñoz-Amatriaín ◽  
Ousmane Boukar ◽  
Ira Herniter ◽  
Ndiaga Cisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Pod Shattering

AbstractCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a warm-season legume with a genetically diverse gene-pool composed of wild and cultivated forms. Cowpea domestication involved considerable phenotypic changes from the wild progenitor, including reduction of pod shattering, increased organ size, and changes in flowering time. Little is known about the genetic basis underlying these changes. In this study, 215 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between a cultivated and a wild cowpea accession were used to evaluate nine domestication-related traits (pod shattering, peduncle length, flower color, flowering time, 100-seed weight, pod length, leaf length, leaf width and seed number per pod). A high-density genetic map containing 17,739 single nucleotide polymorphisms was constructed and used to identify 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these nine domestication-related traits. Candidate genes underlying each of those 16 QTL were identified. Four regions with clusters of QTL were identified, including one on chromosome 8 related to increased organ size. This study provides new knowledge of the genomic regions controlling domestication-related traits in cowpea as well as candidate genes underlying those QTL. This information can help to exploit wild relatives in cowpea breeding programs.Key messageThis study identified regions of the cowpea genome that played an important role in cowpea domestication, including a hotspot region for increased organ size

scholarly journals SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 are conserved repressors of organ size in the asterid species tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Swinnen ◽  
Alexandra Baekelandt ◽  
Rebecca De Clercq ◽  
Jan Van Doorsselaere ◽  
Nathalie Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Networks ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Repressor Proteins ◽  
Repressor Complex ◽  
Pericarp Thickness

SummaryPlant organ size and shape are major agronomic traits that depend on cell division and expansion, which are both regulated by complex gene networks. In several eudicot species belonging to the rosid clade, organ growth is controlled by a repressor complex consisting of PEAPOD (PPD) and KINASE-INDUCIBLE DOMAIN INTERACTING (KIX) proteins. Whether the function of these proteins as regulators of organ size is conserved in asterids as well, which together with the rosids constitute most of the core eudicot species, is still unknown. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to target SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 in the asterid model species tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and analyzed loss-of-function phenotypes. We found that loss of function of SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 led to the production of enlarged, dome-shaped leaves and that these leaves exhibited increased expression of putative SlPPD target genes. Moreover, kix8 kix9 mutants carried bigger fruits with increased pericarp thickness. Protein interaction assays also confirmed that SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 act as molecular bridges between the SlPPD and SlTOPLESS co-repressor proteins. Our results show that KIX8 and KIX9 are conserved regulators of organ size in distinct eudicot species and can thus provide strategies to improve yield in fruit crops.

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