scholarly journals Catechol dioxygenases catalyzing the first step in Norway spruce phenolic degradation are key virulence factors in the bark beetle-vectored fungus Endoconidiophora polonica

2016 ◽  
pp. pp.01916.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Wadke ◽  
Dineshkumar Kandasamy ◽  
Heiko Vogel ◽  
Ljerka Lah ◽  
Brenda D. Wingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Catechol Dioxygenases

Impacts of European spruce bark beetle infestations on Norway spruce BVOC emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Jaakkola ◽  
Anna Maria Jönsson ◽  
Per-Ola Olsson ◽  
Maj-Lena Linderson ◽  
Thomas Holst
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Healthy Tree ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark

<p>Tree killing by spruce bark beetles (<em>Ips typographus</em>) is one of the main disturbances to Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) forests in Europe and the risk of outbreaks is amplified by climate change with effects such as increased risk of storm felling, tree drought stress and an additional generation of spruce bark beetles per year<sup>[1]</sup>. The warm and dry summer of 2018 triggered large outbreaks in Sweden, the increased outbreaks are still ongoing and affected about 8 million m<sup>3</sup> forest in 2020<sup>[2]</sup>. This is the so far highest record of trees killed by the spruce bark beetle in a single year in Sweden<sup>[2]</sup>. In 1990-2010, the spruce bark beetle killed on average 150 000 m<sup>3</sup> forest per year in southern Sweden<sup>[3]</sup>. Bark beetles normally seek and attack Norway spruces with lowered defense, i.e. trees that are wind-felled or experience prolonged drought stress<sup>[4]</sup>. However, as the number of bark beetle outbreaks increase, the risk of attacks on healthy trees also increase<sup>[5]</sup>. This causes a higher threat to forest industry, and lowers the possibilities to mitigate climate change in terms of potential decreases in carbon uptake if the forests die<sup>[4,5]</sup>. Norway spruce trees normally defend themselves by drenching the beetles in resin<sup>[6]</sup>. The resin in turn contains different biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which can vary if the spruce is attacked by bark beetles or not<sup> [4,6]</sup>. The most abundant group of terpenoids (isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), is most commonly emitted from conifers, such as Norway spruce<sup>[7,8]</sup>. The aim of this study was to enable a better understanding of the direct defense mechanisms of spruce trees by quantifying BVOC emissions and its composition from individual trees under attack</p><p>To analyze the bark beetles’ impact on Norway spruce trees a method was developed using tree trunk chambers and adsorbent tubes. This enables direct measurements of the production of BVOCs from individual trees. Three different sites in Sweden, with different environmental conditions were used for the study and samples were collected throughout the growing season of 2019. After sampling, the tubes were analyzed in a lab using automated thermal desorption coupled to a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer to identify BVOC species and their quantity.</p><p>The preliminary results show a strong increase in BVOC emissions from a healthy tree that became infested during the data collection. The finalized results expect to enable better understanding of how spruce trees are affected by insect stress from bark beetles, and if bark beetle infestation will potentially result in increased carbon emission in the form of BVOCs.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] Jönsson et al. (2012). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 166: 188–200<br>[2] Skogsstyrelsen, (2020). https://via.tt.se/pressmeddelande/miljontals-granar-dodades-av-granbarkborren-2020?publisherId=415163&releaseId=3288473<br>[3] Marini et al. (2017). Ecography, 40(12), 1426–1435.<br>[4] Raffa (1991). Photochemical induction by herbivores. pp. 245-276<strong><br></strong>[5] Seidl, et al. (2014). Nature Climate Change, 4(9), 806-810. <br>[6] Ghimire, et al. (2016). Atmospheric Environment, 126, 145-152.<br>[7] Niinemets, U. and Monson, R. (2013). ISBN 978-94-007-6606-8<br>[8] Kesselmeier, J. and Staudt, M. (1999). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 33(1), pp.23-88</p>

Inducibility of chemical defenses in Norway spruce bark is correlated with unsuccessful mass attacks by the spruce bark beetle

Oecologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schiebe ◽  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Göran Birgersson ◽  
Johanna Witzell ◽  
Peter E. Brodelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Community on Norway Spruce Seedlings Following Bark Beetle Infestation

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Veselá ◽  
Martina Vašutová ◽  
Karolína Hofmannová ◽  
Magda Edwards-Jonášová ◽  
Pavel Cudlín
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Forest Disturbances ◽  
Phialocephala Fortinii ◽  
Exploration Types ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Mycelial Network

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi importantly influence seedling growth, nutrition, and survival and create an extensive mycelial network interconnecting tree species and enabling resource redistribution. Due to their symbiotic relationship with trees, they are impacted by forest disturbances, which are of increasing relevance due to climate change. The effect of disturbance on seedling colonization and their morphology is still largely unknown. Seedling growth parameters and the ECM fungal assemblage on the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) seedlings were assessed in mature spruce forests attacked and destroyed by bark beetle and in a mature non-attacked forest as a reference. We did not detect significant differences in number of ECM species on seedling roots among forest types, but ECM species composition changed; Tylospora fibrillosa (Burt) Donk, Meliniomyces variabilis Hambl. & Sigler, and Phialocephala fortinii C.J.K. Wang & H.E. Wilcox were characteristic species in the forest destroyed by bark beetle, whereas Lactarius, Cortinarius, and Russula were in the mature forest. Forest type further significantly influenced the height, root length, and root collar thickness of seedlings and the proportion of exploration types of mycorrhizae.

scholarly journals Acute Drought Is an Important Driver of Bark Beetle Infestation in Austrian Norway Spruce Stands

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Netherer ◽  
Bernd Panassiti ◽  
Josef Pennerstorfer ◽  
Bradley Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands

scholarly journals Performance of Bark Beetle Damaged Norway Spruce Wood Against Water and Fungal Decay

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Kržišnik ◽  
Boštjan Lesar ◽  
Nejc Thaler ◽  
Miha Humar
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Spruce Wood

scholarly journals Flavan-3-ols in Norway Spruce: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Function in Response to Attack by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Ceratocystis polonica

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 2107-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Christian Paetz ◽  
Louwrance P. Wright ◽  
Thilo C. Fischer ◽  
Joerg Bohlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate elicits defenses in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and reduces host colonization by the bark beetle Ips typographus

Oecologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Erbilgin ◽  
Paal Krokene ◽  
Erik Christiansen ◽  
Gazmend Zeneli ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Host Colonization ◽  
Exogenous Application

scholarly journals Climate drivers of bark beetle outbreak dynamics in Norway spruce forests

Ecography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1426-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Marini ◽  
Bjørn Økland ◽  
Anna Maria Jönsson ◽  
Barbara Bentz ◽  
Allan Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Forests
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