scholarly journals HsfA2 Controls the Activity of Developmentally and Stress-Regulated Heat Stress Protection Mechanisms in Tomato Male Reproductive Tissues

2016 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 2461-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Fragkostefanakis ◽  
Anida Mesihovic ◽  
Stefan Simm ◽  
Marine Josephine Paupière ◽  
Yangjie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

scholarly journals Effects of heat stress on somatostatin and some related immune factors in the small intestine of Wenchang chicks

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
Y.-Y. Jiang ◽  
Y.-W. Zhou ◽  
C. Liang ◽  
L.-J. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Factors ◽  
Self Protection

To investigate the effects of heat stress (HS) on developmental changes in immune functions of chick intestinal mucosa, one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into control check (CK) and heat-stressed (HS) groups and raised under indoor temperature. The chicks in HS group were subjected to HS at 40 ± 0.5°C from 12:00 to14:00 h every day. Intestinal mucosa samples were collected weekly during 6 weeks, and the effects of HS on somatostatin and its related immune factors were examined using immunohistochemical, physiological, and biochemical methods. The results showed that HS obviously increased the amount and integral optical density of somatostatin positive cells, somatostatin content, as well as IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in the small intestine, and these increases reached statistical significance in some intestinal segments (P < 0.05). In addition, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels fluctuated in different intestinal segments and their levels in jejunum, duodenum, and ileum in 6-week-old chicks were significantly lower in HS group than in CK group (P < 0.05). The contents of immune-related enzymes also fluctuated, but the activities of acid phosphatase, lysozyme, and glutathione reductase in duodenum and jejunum were lower in 6-week-old chicks in HS group than in CK group, some reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). Growth hormone (GH) and HSP70 contents in multiple intestinal segments in 6-week-old chicks were significantly higher in HS group than in CK group (P < 0.05). The results indicate that (1) HS could increase the expression and secretion of somatostatin and affect the normal development of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and immune-related enzymes in the small intestine, and thereby impact the chicks’ intestine immune function; (2) GH and HSP70 in the small intestine were involved in self-protection mechanisms against HS-induced intestinal injury and somatostatin regulation might be one of the important components.

scholarly journals Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (33) ◽  
pp. eabg3088
Author(s):  
Erika P. Santoro ◽  
Ricardo M. Borges ◽  
Josh L. Espinoza ◽  
Marcelo Freire ◽  
Camila S. M. A. Messias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Coral Microbiome ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Restructuring Process ◽  
Endosymbiotic Algae

Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) ameliorate environmental stress, but whether they can prevent mortality and the underlying host response mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we conducted omics analyses on the coral Mussismilia hispida exposed to bleaching conditions in a long-term mesocosm experiment and inoculated with a selected BMC consortium or a saline solution placebo. All corals were affected by heat stress, but the observed “post-heat stress disorder” was mitigated by BMCs, signified by patterns of dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation, lipid maintenance, and coral host transcriptional reprogramming of cellular restructuration, repair, stress protection, and immune genes, concomitant with a 40% survival rate increase and stable photosynthetic performance by the endosymbiotic algae. This study provides insights into the responses that underlie probiotic host manipulation. We demonstrate that BMCs trigger a dynamic microbiome restructuring process that instigates genetic and metabolic alterations in the coral host that eventually mitigate coral bleaching and mortality.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Target of Rapamycin Coordinates With Transcriptional and Epigenetic Machinery to Regulate Thermotolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Sharma ◽  
Muhammed Jamsheer K. ◽  
Brihaspati Narayan Shukla ◽  
Manvi Sharma ◽  
Prakhar Awasthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Heat Shock Factors ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

Global warming exhibits profound effects on plant fitness and productivity. To withstand stress, plants sacrifice their growth and activate protective stress responses for ensuring survival. However, the switch between growth and stress is largely elusive. In the past decade, the role of the target of rapamycin (TOR) linking energy and stress signalling is emerging. Here, we have identified an important role of Glucose (Glc)-TOR signalling in plant adaptation to heat stress (HS). Glc via TOR governs the transcriptome reprogramming of a large number of genes involved in heat stress protection. Downstream to Glc-TOR, the E2Fa signalling module regulates the transcription of heat shock factors through direct recruitment of E2Fa onto their promoter regions. Also, Glc epigenetically regulates the transcription of core HS signalling genes in a TOR-dependent manner. TOR acts in concert with p300/CREB HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE1 (HAC1) and dictates the epigenetic landscape of HS loci to regulate thermotolerance. Arabidopsis plants defective in TOR and HAC1 exhibited reduced thermotolerance with a decrease in the expression of core HS signalling genes. Together, our findings reveal a mechanistic framework in which Glc-TOR signalling through different modules integrates stress and energy signalling to regulate thermotolerance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Heat Responsive microRNAs and Phased Small Interfering RNAs in Reproductive Development of Flax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Pokhrel ◽  
Blake C. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Mirna Genes ◽  
Plant Reproductive Development

Plants will face increased heat stress due to rising global temperatures. Heat stress affects plant reproductive development and decreases productivity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these processes are poorly characterized. Plant small RNAs (sRNAs) have important regulatory roles in plant reproductive development following abiotic stress responses. We generated sRNA transcriptomes of three reproductive bud stages at three different time points to identify sRNA-mediated pathways responsive to heat stress in flax. With added sRNA transcriptomes of vegetative tissues, we comprehensively annotated miRNA and phasiRNA-encoding genes (PHAS) in flax. We identified 173 miRNA genes, of which 42 are novel. Our analysis revealed that 141 miRNA genes were differentially expressed between tissue types while 18 miRNA genes were differentially expressed in reproductive tissues following heat stress, including members of miR2118/482 and miR2275 families, known triggers of reproductive phasiRNAs. Furthermore, we identified 68 21-PHAS flax loci from protein coding and non-coding regions, four 24-PHAS loci triggered by miR2275, and 658 24-PHAS-like loci with unknown triggers, derived mostly from non-coding regions. The reproductive phasiRNAs are mostly downregulated in response to heat stress. Overall, we found that several previously unreported miRNAs and phasiRNAs are responsive to heat stress in flax reproductive tissues.

scholarly journals Heat stress protection in Aspen sp1 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

BMB Reports ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Ai-Sheng Xiong ◽  
Ri-He Peng ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Stress Protection

scholarly journals Synthesis and Uptake of the Compatible Solutes Ectoine and 5-Hydroxyectoine by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) in Response to Salt and Heat Stresses

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (23) ◽  
pp. 7286-7296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bursy ◽  
Anne U. Kuhlmann ◽  
Marco Pittelkow ◽  
Holger Hartmann ◽  
Mohamed Jebbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Streptomyces Avermitilis ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
As Stress

ABSTRACT Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) synthesizes ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine upon the imposition of either salt (0.5 M NaCl) or heat stress (39°C). The cells produced the highest cellular levels of these compatible solutes when both stress conditions were simultaneously imposed. Protection against either severe salt (1.2 M NaCl) or heat stress (39°C) or a combination of both environmental cues could be accomplished by adding low concentrations (1 mM) of either ectoine or 5-hydroxyectoine to S. coelicolor A3(2) cultures. The best salt and heat stress protection was observed when a mixture of ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine (0.5 mM each) was provided to the growth medium. Transport assays with radiolabeled ectoine demonstrated that uptake was triggered by either salt or heat stress. The most effective transport and accumulation of [14C]ectoine by S. coelicolor A3(2) were achieved when both environmental cues were simultaneously applied. Our results demonstrate that the accumulation of the compatible solutes ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine allows S. coelicolor A3(2) to fend off the detrimental effects of both high salinity and high temperature on cell physiology. We also characterized the enzyme (EctD) required for the synthesis of 5-hydroxyectoine from ectoine, a hydroxylase of the superfamily of the non-heme-containing iron(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (EC 1.14.11). The gene cluster (ectABCD) encoding the enzymes for ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine biosynthesis can be found in the genome of S. coelicolor A3(2), Streptomyces avermitilis, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces scabiei, and Streptomyces chrysomallus, suggesting that these compatible solutes play an important role as stress protectants in the genus Streptomyces.

Regulation of the Oxytocin Receptor in Bovine Reproductive Tissues and the Role of Steroids

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ivell ◽  
A-R Fuchs ◽  
R Bathgate ◽  
G Tillmann ◽  
T Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Tissues
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