scholarly journals Root Type-Specific Reprogramming of Maize Pericycle Transcriptomes by Local High Nitrate Results in Disparate Lateral Root Branching Patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 1783-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Yu ◽  
Jutta A. Baldauf ◽  
Andrew Lithio ◽  
Caroline Marcon ◽  
Dan Nettleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Branching Patterns

scholarly journals Editorial: Root Branching: From Lateral Root Primordium Initiation and Morphogenesis to Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Dubrovsky ◽  
Hidehiro Fukaki ◽  
Laurent Laplaze ◽  
Marta Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Lateral Root Primordium ◽  
Root Primordium

Evaluation of sorghum root branching using fractals

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. A. MASI ◽  
J. W. MARANVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
The Us ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Root Box

Root branching and architecture play a significant role in water and nutrient uptake, but description of these parameters has not been easy due to the difficulty of observing roots in their natural arrangement. Fractal geometry offers a novel method for studying the branching patterns of roots. Plants of ten diverse sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes (five of African origin, three of US origin and two hybrids composed of African×US lines) were grown in root boxes containing 80% sand and 20% fine-textured Sharpsburg silty clay loam topsoil. The root fractal dimension (D) and abundance (log K) were determined at nine regions within the profile. Roots were washed free of growth media and photographic slides were taken of each region. Values of D and log K were determined by projecting photographs onto grids of progressively increasing sizes. The number of intersects was regressed on log grid size. Differences in D were found among genotypes (1·44[les ]D[les ]1·89) suggesting that these sorghum genotypes may be associated with greater root branching patterns. Greater fractal dimension (branching) and abundance values occurred in the 0–35 and 35–70 cm depths of the soil profile within the root box, indicating a greater root distribution in that part of the profile. Significant differences were also noted in branching patterns for sorghum genotypes derived from different sources. In general, the African sorghums were more branched and deeper rooted than the US-derived genotypes. Results indicated that fractal dimension can be used for the description of sorghum root system morphology and provides a good measure of branching patterns which can be distinguished.

scholarly journals Plasticity of Lateral Root Branching in Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Yu ◽  
Frank Hochholdinger ◽  
Chunjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Branching

scholarly journals Repression of early lateral root initiation events by transient water deficit in barley and maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1595) ◽  
pp. 1534-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Babé ◽  
Tristan Lavigne ◽  
Jean-Philippe Séverin ◽  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
Achim Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Key Driver

The formation of lateral roots (LRs) is a key driver of root system architecture and developmental plasticity. The first stage of LR formation, which leads to the acquisition of founder cell identity in the pericycle, is the primary determinant of root branching patterns. The fact that initiation events occur asynchronously in a very small number of cells inside the parent root has been a major difficulty in the study of the molecular regulation of branching patterns. Inducible systems that trigger synchronous lateral formation at predictable sites have proven extremely valuable in Arabidopsis to decipher the first steps of LR formation. Here, we present a LR repression system for cereals that relies on a transient water-deficit treatment, which blocks LR initiation before the first formative divisions. Using a time-lapse approach, we analysed the dynamics of this repression along growing roots and were able to show that it targets a very narrow developmental window of the initiation process. Interestingly, the repression can be exploited to obtain negative control root samples where LR initiation is absent. This system could be instrumental in the analysis of the molecular basis of drought-responsive as well as intrinsic pathways of LR formation in cereals.

scholarly journals Shoot-derived miR2111 controls legume root and nodule development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengbai Zhang ◽  
Huanan Su ◽  
Peter M. Gresshoff ◽  
Brett J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Autoregulation Of Nodulation ◽  
Cle Peptide

AbstractLegumes control their nodule numbers through the Autoregulation Of Nodulation (AON). Rhizobia infection stimulates the production of root-derived CLE peptide hormones that are translocated to the shoot where they regulate a new signal. We used soybean to demonstrate that this shoot-derived signal is miR2111, which is transported via phloem to the root where it targets transcripts of Too Much Love (TML), a negative regulator of nodulation. Shoot perception of rhizobia-induced CLE peptides suppresses miR2111 expression, resulting in TML accumulation in roots and subsequent inhibition of nodule organogenesis. Feeding synthetic mature miR2111 via the petiole increased nodule numbers per plant. Likewise, elevating miR2111 availability by over-expression promoted nodulation, while target mimicry of TML induced the opposite effect on nodule development in wild-type plants and alleviated the supernodulating and stunted root growth phenotypes of AON-defective mutants. Additionally, in non-nodulating wild-type plants, ectopic expression of miR2111 significantly enhanced lateral root emergence with a decrease in lateral root length and average root diameter. In contrast, hairy roots constitutively expressing the target mimic construct exhibited reduced lateral root density. Overall, these findings demonstrate that miR2111 is both the critical shoot-to-root factor that positively regulates root nodule development, and also acts to shape root system architecture via orchestrating the degree of root branching, as well as the length and thickness of lateral roots.

scholarly journals Involvement of a truncated MADS-box transcription factor ZmTMM1 in root nitrate foraging

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (15) ◽  
pp. 4547-4561
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Zhongtao Jia ◽  
Xuelian Li ◽  
Zhangkui Wang ◽  
Fanjun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Abstract Plants can develop root systems with distinct anatomical features and morphological plasticity to forage nutrients distributed heterogeneously in soils. Lateral root proliferation is a typical nutrient-foraging response to a local supply of nitrate, which has been investigated across many plant species. However, the underlying mechanism in maize roots remains largely unknown. Here, we report on identification of a maize truncated MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factor (ZmTMM1) lacking K- and C-domains, expressed preferentially in the lateral root branching zone and induced by the localized supply of nitrate. ZmTMM1 belongs to the AGL17-like MADS-box transcription factor family that contains orthologs of ANR1, a key regulator for root nitrate foraging in Arabidopsis. Ectopic overexpression of ZmTMM1 recovers the defective growth of lateral roots in the Arabidopsis anr1 agl21 double mutant. The local activation of glucocorticoid receptor fusion proteins for ZmTMM1 and an artificially truncated form of AtANR1 without the K- and C-domains stimulates the lateral root growth of the Arabidopsis anr1 agl21 mutant, providing evidence that ZmTMM1 encodes a functional MADS-box that modulates lateral root development. However, no phenotype was observed in ZmTMM1-RNAi transgenic maize lines, suggesting a possible genetic redundancy of ZmTMM1 with other AGL17-like genes in maize. A comparative genome analysis further suggests that a nitrate-inducible transcriptional regulation is probably conserved in both truncated and non-truncated forms of ZmTMM1-like MADS-box transcription factors found in grass species.

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