scholarly journals Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector AVR1 interacts with exocyst component Sec5 to manipulate plant immunity

2015 ◽  
pp. pp.01169.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Du ◽  
Mohamed H Mpina ◽  
Paul R. J. Birch ◽  
Klaas Bouwmeester ◽  
Francine Govers
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Rxlr Effector

Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector PITG20303 targets a potato MKK1 protein to suppress plant immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Du ◽  
Xiaokang Chen ◽  
Yalu Guo ◽  
Xiaojiang Zhang ◽  
Houxiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Rxlr Effector

scholarly journals A Phytophthora capsici RXLR effector manipulates plant immunity by targeting RAB proteins and disturbing vesicle-mediated protein trafficking pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianli Li ◽  
Gan Ai ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Hai Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Rab Proteins ◽  
Rxlr Effector

The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici encodes hundreds of RXLR effectors to enter plant cells and suppress host defense responses. Only few of them are conserved across different strains and species. Such ‘core effectors’ may target hub immunity pathways that are essential during Phytophthora pathogens interacting with their hosts. However, the underlying mechanisms of core RXLRs-mediated host immunity manipulation are largely unknown. Here, we report the functional characterization of a P. capsici RXLR effector, RXLR242. RXLR242 expression is highly induced during the infection process. Its ectopic expression in Nicotiana benthamiana promotes Phytophthora infection. RXLR242 physically interacts with a group of RAB proteins, which belong to the small GTPase family and function in specifying transport pathways in the intracellular membrane trafficking system. RXLR242 impedes the secretion of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (PR1) protein to the apoplast by interfering the formation of RABE1-7-labeled vesicles. Further analysis indicated that such phenomenon is resulted from competitive binding of RXLR242 to RABE1-7. RXLR242 also interferes trafficking of the membrane-located receptor FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) through competitively interacting with RABA4-3. Taken together, our work demonstrates that RXLR242 manipulates plant immunity by targeting RAB proteins and disturbing vesicle-mediated protein transporting pathway in plant hosts.

scholarly journals Clade 5 aspartic proteases of Phytophthora infestans are virulence factors implied in RXLR effector cleavage

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charikleia Schoina ◽  
Natalie Verbeek-de Kruif ◽  
Francine Govers ◽  
Klaas Bouwmeester
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Aspartic Proteases ◽  
Rxlr Effector

scholarly journals Potato NPH3/RPT2-Like Protein StNRL1, Targeted by a Phytophthora infestans RXLR Effector, Is a Susceptibility Factor

2016 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Yang ◽  
Hazel McLellan ◽  
Shaista Naqvi ◽  
Qin He ◽  
Petra C. Boevink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Susceptibility Factor ◽  
Rxlr Effector

scholarly journals CMPG1-dependent cell death follows perception of diverse pathogen elicitors at the host plasma membrane and is suppressed by Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector AVR3a

2011 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Gilroy ◽  
Rosalind M. Taylor ◽  
Ingo Hein ◽  
Petra Boevink ◽  
Ari Sadanandom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Rxlr Effector ◽  
Host Plasma Membrane ◽  
Dependent Cell

scholarly journals Phytophthora infestans RXLR Effector PexRD2 Interacts with Host MAPKKKε to Suppress Plant Immune Signaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart R.F. King ◽  
Hazel McLellan ◽  
Petra C. Boevink ◽  
Miles R. Armstrong ◽  
Tatyana Bukharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Rxlr Effector

scholarly journals Downy Mildew effector HaRxL21 interacts with the transcriptional repressor TOPLESS to promote pathogen susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Harvey ◽  
Priyanka Kumari ◽  
Dmitry Lapin ◽  
Thomas Griebel ◽  
Richard Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Rxlr Effector ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Arabidopsidis

AbstractHyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an oomycete pathogen causing Arabidopsis downy mildew. Effector proteins secreted from the pathogen into the plant play key roles in promoting infection by suppressing plant immunity and manipulating the host to the pathogen’s advantage. One class of oomycete effectors share a conserved ‘RxLR’ motif critical for their translocation into the host cell. Here we characterize the interaction between an RxLR effector, HaRxL21 (RxL21), and the Arabidopsis transcriptional co-repressor Topless (TPL). We establish that RxL21 and TPL interact via an EAR motif at the C-terminus of the effector, mimicking the host plant mechanism for recruiting TPL to sites of transcriptional repression. We show that this motif, and hence interaction with TPL, is necessary for the virulence function of the effector. Furthermore, we provide evidence that RxL21 uses the interaction with TPL, and its close relative TPL-related 1, to repress plant immunity and enhance host susceptibility to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.

scholarly journals Identification of Avramr1 from Phytophthora infestans using long read and cDNA pathogen-enrichment sequencing (PenSeq)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Tianqiao Song ◽  
Sebastian Fairhead ◽  
Kamil Witek ◽  
Agathe Jouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
List Type ◽  
Rxlr Effector ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Solanum Americanum

SummaryPotato late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, significantly hampers potato production. Recently, a new Resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi) gene, Rpi-amr1, was cloned from a wild Solanum species, Solanum americanum. Identification of the corresponding recognized effector (Avirulence, or Avr) genes from P. infestans is key to elucidating their naturally occurring sequence variation, which in turn informs the potential durability of the cognate late blight resistance.To identify the P. infestans effector recognized by Rpi-amr1, we screened available effector libraries and used long read and cDNA pathogen-enrichment sequencing (PenSeq) on four P. infestans isolates to explore the untested effectors.By using SMRT and cDNA PenSeq, we identified 47 highly expressed effectors from P. infestans, including PITG_07569 which triggers a highly specific cell death response when transiently co-expressed with Rpi-amr1 in Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting that PITG_07569 is Avramr1.Here we demonstrate that long read and cDNA PenSeq enables the identification of full-length RxLR effector families, and their expression profile. This study has revealed key insights into the evolution and polymorphism of a complex RxLR effector family that is associated with the recognition by Rpi-amr1.

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