scholarly journals Regulation of Two Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes Coding for Phytoene Synthase and Carotenoid Hydroxylase during Stress-Induced Astaxanthin Formation in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 810-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Steinbrenner ◽  
Hartmut Linden
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Phytoene Synthase ◽  
Carotenoid Hydroxylase

scholarly journals Transformation of the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis with a Phytoene Desaturase for Accelerated Astaxanthin Biosynthesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7477-7484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Steinbrenner ◽  
Gerhard Sandmann
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Phytoene Desaturase ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Desaturase Gene ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

ABSTRACT Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid which is used as a pigmentation source in fish aquaculture. Additionally, a beneficial role of astaxanthin as a food supplement for humans has been suggested. The unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis is a suitable biological source for astaxanthin production. In the context of the strong biotechnological relevance of H. pluvialis, we developed a genetic transformation protocol for metabolic engineering of this green alga. First, the gene coding for the carotenoid biosynthesis enzyme phytoene desaturase was isolated from H. pluvialis and modified by site-directed mutagenesis, changing the leucine codon at position 504 to an arginine codon. In an in vitro assay, the modified phytoene desaturase was still active in conversion of phytoene to ζ-carotene and exhibited 43-fold-higher resistance to the bleaching herbicide norflurazon. Upon biolistic transformation using the modified phytoene desaturase gene as a reporter and selection with norflurazon, integration into the nuclear genome of H. pluvialis and phytoene desaturase gene and protein expression were demonstrated by Southern, Northern, and Western blotting, respectively, in 11 transformants. Some of the transformants had a higher carotenoid content in the green state, which correlated with increased nonphotochemical quenching. This measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence can be used as a screening procedure for stable transformants. Stress induction of astaxanthin biosynthesis by high light showed that there was accelerated accumulation of astaxanthin in one of the transformants compared to the accumulation in the wild type. Our results strongly indicate that the modified phytoene desaturase gene is a useful tool for genetic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.

Astaxanthin production from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis with different stress conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Cordero ◽  
Ana Otero ◽  
Manuel Pati�o ◽  
Bertha O. Arredondo ◽  
Jaime Fabregas
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Astaxanthin Production

Biological activities of abscisic acid analogs in the morphological change of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makio Kobayashi ◽  
Yasushi Todoroki ◽  
Nobuhiro Hirai ◽  
Yoshiro Kurimura ◽  
Hajime Ohigashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Morphological Change ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Activities
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