scholarly journals Characterization of Chloroplast Protein Import without Tic56, a Component of the 1-Megadalton Translocon at the Inner Envelope Membrane of Chloroplasts

2015 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 972-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Köhler ◽  
Cyril Montandon ◽  
Gerd Hause ◽  
Petra Majovsky ◽  
Felix Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Import ◽  
Envelope Membrane ◽  
Chloroplast Protein Import ◽  
Chloroplast Protein ◽  
Inner Envelope

scholarly journals A 1-Megadalton Translocation Complex Containing Tic20 and Tic21 Mediates Chloroplast Protein Import at the Inner Envelope Membrane

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Kikuchi ◽  
Maya Oishi ◽  
Yoshino Hirabayashi ◽  
Dong Wook Lee ◽  
Inhwan Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Import ◽  
Envelope Membrane ◽  
Chloroplast Protein Import ◽  
Chloroplast Protein ◽  
Inner Envelope

scholarly journals A new chloroplast protein import intermediate reveals distinct translocation machineries in the two envelope membranes: energetics and mechanistic implications.

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S V Scott ◽  
S M Theg
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Envelope Membrane ◽  
Outer Envelope ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Chloroplast Protein Import ◽  
Chloroplast Protein ◽  
Outer Envelope Membrane ◽  
Envelope Membranes

Chloroplast protein import presents a complex membrane traversal problem: precursor proteins must cross two envelope membranes to reach the stromal compartment. This work characterizes a new chloroplast protein import intermediate which has completely traversed the outer envelope membrane but has not yet reached the stroma. The existence of this intermediate demonstrates that distinct protein transport machineries are present in both envelope membranes, and that they are able to operate independently of one another under certain conditions. Energetic characterization of this pathway led to the identification of three independent energy-requiring steps: binding of the precursor to the outer envelope membrane, outer membrane transport, and inner membrane transport. Localization of the sites of energy utilization for each of these steps, as well as their respective nucleotide specificities, suggest that three different ATPases mediate chloroplast envelope transport.

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