scholarly journals The Role of Plasma Membrane Aquaporins in Regulating the Bundle Sheath-Mesophyll Continuum and Leaf Hydraulics

2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 1609-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sade ◽  
A. Shatil-Cohen ◽  
Z. Attia ◽  
C. Maurel ◽  
Y. Boursiac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Leaf Hydraulics

Role of Exosomes in the Exchange of Spermatozoa after Leaving the Seminiferous Tubule: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Luming Wu ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Shiqiang Han ◽  
Yiqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
The One

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment with the plasma membrane. They refer to the intraluminal vesicles released from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The contents and number of exosomes are related to diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Exosomes have been used in neurological research as a drug delivery tool and also as biomarkers for diseases. Recently, exosomes were observed in the seminal plasma of the one who is asthenozoospermia, which can affect sperm motility and capacitation. Objective: The main objective of this review is to deeply discuss the role of exosomes in spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule. Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the literature available on relationships between exosomes and exosomes in spermatozoa on the bibliographic database. Conclusion: : This review thoroughly discussed the role that exosomes play in the exchange of spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule and its potential as a drug delivery tool and biomarkers for diseases as well.

scholarly journals Four Mutant Alleles Elucidate the Role of the G2 Protein in the Development of C4 and C3 Photosynthesizing Maize Tissues

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-797
Author(s):  
Lizzie Cribb ◽  
Lisa N Hall ◽  
Jane A Langdale
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Sheath Cell ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cell

Abstract Maize leaf blades differentiate dimorphic photosynthetic cell types, the bundle sheath and mesophyll, between which the reactions of C4 photosynthesis are partitioned. Leaf-like organs of maize such as husk leaves, however, develop a C3 pattern of differentiation whereby ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) accumulates in all photosynthetic cell types. The Golden2 (G2) gene has previously been shown to play a role in bundle sheath cell differentiation in C4 leaf blades and to play a less well-defined role in C3 maize tissues. To further analyze G2 gene function in maize, four g2 mutations have been characterized. Three of these mutations were induced by the transposable element Spm. In g2-bsd1-m1 and g2-bsd1-s1, the element is inserted in the second intron and in g2-pg14 the element is inserted in the promoter. In the fourth case, g2-R, four amino acid changes and premature polyadenylation of the G2 transcript are observed. The phenotypes conditioned by these four mutations demonstrate that the primary role of G2 in C4 leaf blades is to promote bundle sheath cell chloroplast development. C4 photosynthetic enzymes can accumulate in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in the absence of G2. In C3 tissue, however, G2 influences both chloroplast differentiation and photosynthetic enzyme accumulation patterns. On the basis of the phenotypic data obtained, a model that postulates how G2 acts to facilitate C4 and C3 patterns of tissue development is proposed.

The role of plasmalogens, Forssman lipids, and sphingolipid hydroxylation in modulating the biophysical properties of the epithelial plasma membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 095101
Author(s):  
Katie A. Wilson ◽  
Stephen J. Fairweather ◽  
Hugo I. MacDermott-Opeskin ◽  
Lily Wang ◽  
Richard A. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Biophysical Properties

scholarly journals Role of G protein beta gamma subunits in the regulation of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump.

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. 2375-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lotersztajn ◽  
C Pavoine ◽  
P Deterre ◽  
J Capeau ◽  
A Mallat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Gamma Subunits

Conformational Changes of Yeast Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase during Activation by Glucose:  Role of Threonine-912 in the Carboxy-Terminal Tail†

Biochemistry ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (50) ◽  
pp. 16624-16632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lecchi ◽  
Kenneth E. Allen ◽  
Juan Pablo Pardo ◽  
A. Brett Mason ◽  
Carolyn W. Slayman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Yeast Plasma Membrane ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

scholarly journals Functional Role of Charged Residues in the Transmembrane Segments of the Yeast Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase

2000 ◽  
Vol 275 (21) ◽  
pp. 15709-15716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery V. Petrov ◽  
Kristine P. Padmanabha ◽  
Robert K. Nakamoto ◽  
Kenneth E. Allen ◽  
Carolyn W. Slayman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Yeast Plasma Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Charged Residues

Role of caveolae in the pathogenesis of cholesterol-induced gallbladder muscle hypomotility

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. G1641-G1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuoliang Xiao ◽  
Frank Schmitz ◽  
Victor E. Pricolo ◽  
Piero Biancani ◽  
Jose Behar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Protein Fragment ◽  
Total Binding

Muscle cells from human gallbladders (GB) with cholesterol stones (ChS) exhibit a defective contraction, excess cholesterol (Ch) in the plasma membrane, and lower binding of CCK-1 receptors. These abnormalities improved after muscle cells were incubated with Ch-free liposomes that remove the excess Ch from the plasma membrane. The present studies were designed to investigate the role of caveolin-3 proteins (Cav-3) in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities. Muscle cells from GB with ChS exhibit higher Ch levels in the plasma membrane that were mostly localized in caveolae and associated with parallel increases in the expression of Cav-3 in the caveolae compared with that in GB with pigment stones (PS). The overall number of CCK-1 receptors in the plasma membrane was not different between muscle cells from GB with ChS and PS, but they were increased in the caveolae in muscle cells from GB with ChS. Treatment of muscle cells from GB with ChS with a Gαi3 protein fragment increased the total binding of CCK-1 receptors (from 8.3 to 11.2%) and muscle contraction induced by CCK-8 (from 11.2 to 17.3% shortening). However, Gαq/11 protein fragment had no such effect. Moreover, neither fragment had any effect on muscle cells from GB with PS. We conclude that the defective contraction of muscle cells with excessive Ch levels in the plasma membrane is due to an increased expression of Cav-3 that results in the sequestration of CCK-1 receptors in the caveolae, probably by inhibiting the functions of Gαi3 proteins.

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