scholarly journals The Apical Actin Fringe Contributes to Localized Cell Wall Deposition and Polarized Growth in the Lily Pollen Tube

2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb M. Rounds ◽  
Peter K. Hepler ◽  
Lawrence J. Winship
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Polarized Growth ◽  
Lily Pollen ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

scholarly journals AP-2-Dependent Endocytic Recycling of the Chitin Synthase Chs3 Regulates Polarized Growth inCandida albicans

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Knafler ◽  
I. I. Smaczynska-de Rooij ◽  
L. A. Walker ◽  
K. K. Lee ◽  
N. A. R. Gow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Polarized Growth ◽  
Endocytic Recycling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

ABSTRACTThe human fungal pathogenCandida albicansis known to require endocytosis to enable its adaptation to diverse niches and to maintain its highly polarized hyphal growth phase. While studies have identified changes in transcription leading to the synthesis and secretion of new proteins to facilitate hyphal growth, effective maintenance of hyphae also requires concomitant removal or relocalization of other cell surface molecules. The key molecules which must be removed from the cell surface, and the mechanisms behind this, have, however, remained elusive. In this study, we show that the AP-2 endocytic adaptor complex is required for the internalization of the major cell wall biosynthesis enzyme Chs3. We demonstrate that this interaction is mediated by the AP-2 mu subunit (Apm4) YXXΦ binding domain. We also show that in the absence of Chs3 recycling via AP-2, cells have abnormal cell wall composition, defective polarized cell wall deposition, and morphological defects. The study also highlights key distinctions between endocytic requirements of growth at yeast buds compared to that at hyphal tips and different requirements of AP-2 in maintaining the polarity of mannosylated proteins and ergosterol at hyphal tips. Together, our findings highlight the importance of correct cell wall deposition in cell shape maintenance and polarized growth and the key regulatory role of endocytic recycling via the AP-2 complex.IMPORTANCECandida albicansis a human commensal yeast that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Within humans,C. albicanscan adopt different morphologies as yeast or filamentous hyphae and can occupy different niches with distinct temperatures, pHs, CO2levels, and nutrient availability. Both morphological switching and growth in different environments require cell surface remodelling, which involves both the addition of newly synthesized proteins as well as the removal of other proteins. In our study, we demonstrate the importance of an adaptor complex AP-2 in internalizing and recycling a specific cell surface enzyme to maintain effective polarized hyphal growth. Defects in formation of the complex or in its ability to interact directly with cargo inhibit enzyme uptake and lead to defective cell walls and aberrant hyphal morphology. Our data indicate that the AP-2 adaptor plays a central role in regulating cell surface composition inCandida.

Diffuse growth, a new pattern of cell wall deposition for the Rhodophyta

Phycologia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Garbary ◽  
D. J. Belliveau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Diffuse Growth ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

Alfalfa Stem Tissues: Cell Wall Deposition, Composition, and Degradability

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Jung ◽  
F. M. Engels
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

Cold stress affects cell wall deposition and growth pattern in tobacco pollen tubes

Plant Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Parrotta ◽  
Claudia Faleri ◽  
Gea Guerriero ◽  
Giampiero Cai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Tobacco Pollen ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition
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