scholarly journals Low Crown Root Number Enhances Nitrogen Acquisition from Low-Nitrogen Soils in Maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Saengwilai ◽  
X. Tian ◽  
J. P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Root Number ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Low Nitrogen

scholarly journals Nodal root diameter and node number in maize (Zea mays L.) interact to influence plant growth under nitrogen stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Schneider ◽  
Jennifer T. Yang ◽  
Kathleen M. Brown ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Low Nitrogen

AbstractUnder nitrogen limitation, plants increase resource allocation to root growth relative to shoot growth. The utility of various root architectural and anatomical phenotypes for nitrogen acquisition are not well understood. Nodal root number and root cross-sectional area were evaluated in maize in field and greenhouse environments. Nodal root number and root cross-sectional area were inversely correlated under both high and low nitrogen conditions. Attenuated emergence of root nodes, as opposed to differences in the number of axial roots per node, was associated with substantially reduced root number. Greater root cross-sectional area was associated with a greater stele area and number of cortical cell files. Genotypes that produced few, thick nodal roots rather than many, thin nodal roots had deeper rooting and better shoot growth in low nitrogen environments. Fewer nodal roots offset the respiratory and nitrogen costs of thicker diameter roots, since total nodal root respiration and nitrogen content was similar for genotypes with many, thin and few, thick nodal roots. We propose that few, thick nodal roots may enable greater capture of deep soil nitrogen and improve plant performance under nitrogen stress. The interaction between an architectural and anatomical trait may be an important strategy for nitrogen acquisition. Understanding trait interactions among different root nodes has important implications in for improving crop nutrient uptake and stress tolerance.

Cadmium decreases crown root number by decreasing endogenous nitric oxide, which is indispensable for crown root primordia initiation in rice seedlings

Planta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xiong ◽  
Han Lu ◽  
Kaixing Lu ◽  
Yuxing Duan ◽  
Lingyao An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals Unexpectedly low nitrogen acquisition and absence of root architecture adaptation to nitrate supply in a Medicago truncatula highly branched root mutant

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2365-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Bourion ◽  
Chantal Martin ◽  
Henri de Larambergue ◽  
Françoise Jacquin ◽  
Grégoire Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Low Nitrogen

scholarly journals Large Crown Root Number Improves Topsoil Foraging and Phosphorus Acquisition

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoru Sun ◽  
Yingzhi Gao ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Root Number ◽  
Phosphorus Acquisition ◽  
Crown Root

Enhanced crown root number and length confers potential for yield improvement and fertilizer reduction in nitrogen-efficient maize cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 107562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Song Guo ◽  
Shuai Cheng ◽  
Yanjie Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Number ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Maize Cultivars

scholarly journals Nitrogen Acquisition Strategies Mediated by Insect Symbionts: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Methodologies, and Case Studies

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Xueming Ren ◽  
Ruxin Guo ◽  
Mazarin Akami ◽  
Changying Niu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Nitrogenous Waste ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Insect Symbionts ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Nitrogen is usually a restrictive nutrient that affects the growth and development of insects, especially of those living in low nitrogen nutrient niches. In response to the low nitrogen stress, insects have gradually developed symbiont-based stress response strategies—biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogenous waste recycling—to optimize dietary nitrogen intake. Based on the above two patterns, atmospheric nitrogen or nitrogenous waste (e.g., uric acid, urea) is converted into ammonia, which in turn is incorporated into the organism via the glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase pathways. This review summarized the reaction mechanisms, conventional research methods and the various applications of biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogenous waste recycling strategies. Further, we compared the bio-reaction characteristics and conditions of two strategies, then proposed a model for nitrogen provisioning based on different strategies.

The influence of nitrogen supply on growth and internal recycling of nitrogen in young Nothofagus fusca trees

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Stephens ◽  
Peter Millard ◽  
Matthew H. Turnbull ◽  
David Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Storage ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Nitrogen Remobilisation

The effect of nitrogen supply on biomass, and nitrogen storage and remobilisation, was investigated in young Nothofagus fusca (Hook f.) Oerst. trees growing in pots while irrigated with nutrient solutions containing 0.5 (low nitrogen, LN), 3 (medium nitrogen, MN) and 6 (high nitrogen, HN) mM nitrogen. During the first annual growth cycle, nitrogen supply was labelled with 15 N. By mid-autumn of the second annual cycle, dry weights of whole tree, stem, leaves and roots for trees in the HN and MN treatments were over 10-fold greater than the weights for trees in the LN treatment. Nitrogen was stored in roots and remobilised for new leaf and stem growth during spring. In summer, remobilised nitrogen comprised approximately 40% of the total nitrogen in leaves and stems for trees in all treatments. Nitrogen uptake for trees in the HN and MN treatments continued during the winter dormant period, and accounted for approximately half the total nitrogen acquired during the first cycle. Storage of nitrogen in roots (a deciduous characteristic), and the independence of nitrogen remobilisation from leaf senescence and significant winter uptake of nitrogen (both evergreen characteristics), suggest that the leaf phenology of N. fusca allows the species to maximise nitrogen acquisition from low fertility soils to enhance productivity.

scholarly journals Root Cortical Aerenchyma Enhances Nitrogen Acquisition from Low-Nitrogen Soils in Maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 726-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Saengwilai ◽  
E. A. Nord ◽  
J. G. Chimungu ◽  
K. M. Brown ◽  
J. P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Root Cortical Aerenchyma
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