scholarly journals ERECTA Family Genes Regulate Auxin Transport in the Shoot Apical Meristem and Forming Leaf Primordia

2013 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1978-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Kun Chen ◽  
Rebecca L. Wilson ◽  
Klaus Palme ◽  
Franck Anicet Ditengou ◽  
Elena D. Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Leaf Primordia

Phyllotaxis of the palm Euterpe oleracea Mart. at the level of the shoot apical meristem

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Laura Bourque ◽  
Xiaofeng Yin ◽  
Christian Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Fundamental Theorem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Divergence Angle ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Previous studies on palm phyllotaxis deal mainly with the mature trunk. The goals of this study are (i) to determine the relationship between the number of parastichies, the divergence angle, and the plastochrone ratio at the level of the shoot apical meristem; (ii) to examine whether there are fluctuations in the divergence angle; (iii) to interpret the significance of phyllotactic parameters with respect to the mode of growth of the apex. The tubular base of the leaf primordium is more or less asymmetrical, and completely surrounds the shoot apical meristem. The phyllotactic system corresponds to a (2, 3) conspicuous parastichy pair. The mean divergence angle per apex varies between 126.9° ± 9.3° (mean ± SD) and 135. 8° ± 8.0°. Divergence angles for all apices fluctuate within a range of 115.89° to 157.33°. The mean plastochrone ratios between apices varies from 1.35 ± 0.18 to 1.58 ± 0.12. The plastochrone ratio at each plastochrone for all apices ranges from 1.09 to 2.00. There is no correlation between the angle of divergence and the plastochrone ratio. There is a fluctuation in the value of the divergence angle that falls within the range predicted by the fundamental theorem of phyllotaxis. The high value of the ratio of the diameter of leaf primordia over the diameter of the apex, and the long plastochrone might explain the lack of correlation between certain phyllotactic parameters.

A fate map of the Arabidopsis embryonic shoot apical meristem

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Irish ◽  
I. M. Sussex
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
Seed Embryo ◽  
Sector Analysis ◽  
Pale Green

We have mapped the fate of cells in the Arabidopsis embryonic shoot apical meristem by irradiating seed and scoring the resulting clonally derived sectors. 176 white, yellow, pale green or variegated sectors were identified and scored for their position and extent in the resulting plants. Most sectors were confined to a fraction of a leaf, and only occasionally extended into the inflorescence. Sectors that extended into the inflorescence were larger, and usually encompassed about a third to a half of the inflorescence circumference. We also find that axillary buds in Arabidopsis are clonally related to the subtending leaf. Sections through the dry seed embryo indicate that the embryonic shoot apical meristem contains approximately 110 cells in the three meristematic layers prior to the formation of the first two leaf primordia. The histological analysis of cell number in the shoot apical meristem, in combination with the sector analysis have been used to construct a map of the probable fate of cells in the embryonic shoot apical meristem.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic Changes in Auxin Biosynthesis and Distribution Determine the Organogenic Activity of the Shoot Apical Meristem in pin1 Mutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Banasiak ◽  
Magdalena Biedroń ◽  
Alicja Dolzblasz ◽  
Mateusz Adam Berezowski
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Knockout Mutation

In the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of Arabidopsis, PIN1-dependent polar auxin transport (PAT) regulates two crucial developmental processes: organogenesis and vascular system formation. However, the knockout mutation in the PIN1 gene does not fully inhibit these two processes. Therefore, we investigated a potential source of auxin for organogenesis and vascularization during inflorescence stem development. We analyzed auxin distribution in wild-type (WT) and pin1 mutant plants using a refined protocol of auxin immunolocalization; auxin activity, with the response reporter pDR5:GFP; and expression of auxin biosynthesis genes YUC1 and YUC4. Our results revealed that regardless of the functionality of PIN1-mediated PAT, auxin is present in the SAM and vascular strands. In WT plants, auxin always accumulates in all cells of the SAM, whereas in pin1 mutants, its localization within the SAM changes ontogenetically and is related to changes in the structure of the vascular system, organogenic activity of SAM, and expression levels of YUC1 and YUC4 genes. Our findings indicate that the presence of auxin in the meristem of pin1 mutants is an outcome of at least two PIN1-independent mechanisms: acropetal auxin transport from differentiated tissues with the use of vascular strands and auxin biosynthesis within the SAM.

scholarly journals Feedback from Lateral Organs Controls Shoot Apical Meristem Growth by Modulating Auxin Transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bihai Shi ◽  
Xiaolu Guo ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Xiong ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Lateral Organs

scholarly journals Toward a 3D model of phyllotaxis based on a biochemically plausible auxin-transport mechanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix P. Hartmann ◽  
Pierre Barbier de Reuille ◽  
Cris Kuhlemeier
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Cell Layers

AbstractPolar auxin transport lies at the core of many self-organizing phenomena sustaining continuous plant organogenesis. In angiosperms, the shoot apical meristem is a potentially unique system in which the two main modes of auxin-driven patterning— convergence and canalization—co-occur in a coordinated manner and in a fully three-dimensional geometry. In the epidermal layer, convergence points form, from which auxin is canalized towards inner tissue. Each of these two patterning processes has been extensively investigated separately, but the integration of both in the shoot apical meristem remains poorly understood. We present here a first attempt of a three-dimensional model of auxin-driven patterning during phyllotaxis. We base our simulations on a biochemically plausible mechanism of auxin transport proposed by Cieslak et al. (2015) which generates both convergence and canalization patterns. We are able to reproduce most of the dynamics of PIN1 polarization in the meristem, and we explore how the epidermal and inner cell layers act in concert during phyllotaxis. In addition, we discuss the mechanism by which initiating veins connect to the already existing vascular system.Author summaryThe regularity of leaf arrangement around stems has long puzzled scientists. The key role played by the plant hormone auxin is now well established. On the surface of the tissue responsible for leaf formation, auxin accumulates at several points, from which new leaves eventually emerge. Auxin also guides the progression of new veins from the nascent leaves to the vascular system of the plant. Models of auxin transport have been developed to explain either auxin accumulation or auxin-driven venation. We propose the first three-dimensional model embracing both phenomena using a unifying mechanism of auxin transport. This integrative approach allows an assessment of our present knowledge on how auxin contributes to the early development of leaves. Our model reproduces many observations of auxin dynamics. It highlights how the inner and epidermal tissues act together to position new leaves. We also show that an additional, yet unknown, mechanism is required to attract new developing veins towards the main vasculature of the plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document