scholarly journals Hydrogel Regulation of Xylem Water Flow: An Alternative Hypothesis: Figure 1.

2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1642-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter G. van Doorn ◽  
Tjisse Hiemstra ◽  
Dimitrios Fanourakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Xylem Water Flow

Simulation of stand transpiration based on a xylem water flow model for individual trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Hentschel ◽  
Sebastian Bittner ◽  
Michael Janott ◽  
Christian Biernath ◽  
Jutta Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Stand Transpiration ◽  
Xylem Water Flow ◽  
Individual Trees

Xylem water flow in tropical vines as measured by a steady state heating method

Oecologia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fichtner ◽  
E. -D. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Xylem Water Flow

Xylem water flow in a crack willow tree (Salix fragilis L.) in relation to diurnal changes of environment

Oecologia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Čermák ◽  
Jan Jeník ◽  
Jiří Kučera ◽  
Vladimír Žídek
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Salix Fragilis ◽  
Xylem Water Flow ◽  
Willow Tree

Effect of verapamil on cytoplasmic distribution of granules and microfilaments in amphibian urinary bladder

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
A.J. Mia ◽  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
T. Yorio
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
Amphibian Urinary Bladder ◽  
Vesicular Membrane ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cytoskeletal System

The amphibian urinary bladder has been used as a ‘model’ system for studies of the mechanism of action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in stimulating transepithelial water flow. The increase in water permeability is accompanied by morphological changes that include the stimulation of apical microvilli, mobilization of microtubules and microfilaments and vesicular membrane fusion events . It has been shown that alterations in the cytosolic calcium concentrations can inhibit ADH transmembrane water flow and induce alterations in the epithelial cell cytomorphology, including the cytoskeletal system . Recently, the subapical granules of the granular cell in the amphibian urinary bladder have been shown to contain high concentrations of calcium, and it was suggested that these cytoplasmic constituents may act as calcium storage sites for intracellular calcium homeostasis. The present study utilizes the calcium antagonist, verapamil, to examine the effect of calcium deprivation on the cytomorphological features of epithelial cells from amphibian urinary bladder, with particular emphasis on subapical granule and microfilament distribution.

Idiographic Dynamics of Positive Affect in GAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-509
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Bosley ◽  
Devon B. Sandel ◽  
Aaron J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Automatic Search ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Exploratory Procedure

Abstract. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with worry and emotion regulation difficulties. The contrast-avoidance model suggests that individuals with GAD use worry to regulate emotion: by worrying, they maintain a constant state of negative affect (NA), avoiding a feared sudden shift into NA. We tested an extension of this model to positive affect (PA). During a week-long ecological momentary assessment (EMA) period, 96 undergraduates with a GAD analog provided four daily measurements of worry, dampening (i.e., PA suppression), and PA. We hypothesized a time-lagged mediation relationship in which higher worry predicts later dampening, and dampening predicts subsequently lower PA. A lag-2 structural equation model was fit to the group-aggregated data and to each individual time-series to test this hypothesis. Although worry and PA were negatively correlated in 87 participants, our model was not supported at the nomothetic level. However, idiographically, our model was well-fit for about a third (38.5%) of participants. We then used automatic search as an idiographic exploratory procedure to detect other time-lagged relationships between these constructs. While 46 individuals exhibited some cross-lagged relationships, no clear pattern emerged across participants. An alternative hypothesis about the speed of the relationship between variables is discussed using contemporaneous correlations of worry, dampening, and PA. Findings suggest heterogeneity in the function of worry as a regulatory strategy, and the importance of temporal scale for detection of time-lagged effects.

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