scholarly journals Hierarchy and Roles of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Induced Responses in Nicotiana benthamiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Segonzac ◽  
Doreen Feike ◽  
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez ◽  
Dagmar R. Hann ◽  
Cyril Zipfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

scholarly journals The Effect of Transcription Factor MYB14 on Defense Mechanisms in Vitis quinquangularis-Pingyi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Luo ◽  
Qingyang Wang ◽  
Ru Bai ◽  
Ruixiang Li ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern ◽  
Basal Immunity ◽  
Stilbene Biosynthesis

In the current study, we identified a transcription factor, MYB14, from Chinese wild grape, Vitis quinquangularis-Pingyi (V. quinquangularis-PY), which could enhance the main stilbene contents and expression of stilbene biosynthesis genes (StSy/RS) by overexpression of VqMYB14. The promoter of VqMYB14 (pVqMYB14) was shown to be induced as part of both basal immunity (also called pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), triggered by the elicitors flg22 and harpin, respectively. This was demonstrated by expression of pVqMYB14 in Nicotiana benthamiana and Vitis. We identified sequence differences, notably an 11 bp segment in pVqMYB14 that is important for the PTI/ETI, and particularly for the harpin-induced ETI response. In addition, we showed that activation of the MYB14 promoter correlates with differences in the expression of MYB14 and stilbene pattern induced by flg22 and harpin. An experimental model of upstream signaling in V. quinquangularis-PY is presented, where early defense responses triggered by flg22 and harpin partially overlap, but where the timing and levels differ. This translates into a qualitative difference with respect to patterns of stilbene accumulation.

scholarly journals Identification of Nicotiana benthamiana Genes Involved in Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern–Triggered Immunity

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma Chakravarthy ◽  
André C. Velásquez ◽  
Sophia K. Ekengren ◽  
Alan Collmer ◽  
Gregory B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Cell Death Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

In order to identify components of pathogen-associated molecular pattern–triggered immunity (PTI) pathways in Nicotiana benthamiana, we conducted a large-scale forward-genetics screen using virus-induced gene silencing and a cell-death-based assay for assessing PTI. The assay relied on four combinations of PTI-inducing nonpathogens and cell-death-causing challenger pathogens and was first validated in plants silenced for FLS2 or BAK1. Over 3,200 genes were screened and 14 genes were identified that, when silenced, compromised PTI as judged by the cell-death-based assay. Further analysis indicated that the 14 genes were not involved in a general cell death response. A subset of the genes was found to act downstream of FLS2-mediated PTI induction, and silencing of three genes compromised production of reactive oxygen species in leaves exposed to flg22. The 14 genes encode proteins with potential functions in defense and hormone signaling, protein stability and degradation, energy and secondary metabolism, and cell wall biosynthesis and provide a new resource to explore the molecular basis for the involvement of these processes in PTI.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomic analysis of candidate effectors to explore the infection and survival strategy of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus during different interaction stages with pine trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Jiao Hu ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Xiao-Lei Ding ◽  
Jian-Ren Ye
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Host Tissues

Abstract Background The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a devastating pathogen of many Pinus species in China. The aim of this study was to understand the interactive molecular mechanism of PWN and its host by comparing differentially expressed genes and candidate effectors from three transcriptomes of B. xylophilus at different infection stages. Results In total, 62, 69 and 46 candidate effectors were identified in three transcriptomes (2.5 h postinfection, 6, 12 and 24 h postinoculation and 6 and 15 d postinfection, respectively). In addition to uncharacterized pioneers, other candidate effectors were involved in the degradation of host tissues, suppression of host defenses, targeting plant signaling pathways, feeding and detoxification, which helped B. xylophilus survive successfully in the host. Seven candidate effectors were identified in both our study and the B. xylophilus transcriptome at 2.5 h postinfection, and one candidate effector was identified in all three transcriptomes. These common candidate effectors were upregulated at infection stages, and one of them suppressed pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) PsXEG1-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Conclusions The results indicated that B. xylophilus secreted various candidate effectors, and some of them continued to function throughout all infection stages. These various candidate effectors were important to B. xylophilus infection and survival, and they functioned in different ways (such as breaking down host cell walls, suppressing host defenses, promoting feeding efficiency, promoting detoxification and playing virulence functions). The present results provide valuable resources for in-depth research on the pathogenesis of B. xylophilus from the perspective of effectors.

scholarly journals Pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and resistance to the root pathogen Phytophthora parasitica in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 3615-3625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Larroque ◽  
Elodie Belmas ◽  
Thomas Martinez ◽  
Sophie Vergnes ◽  
Nathalie Ladouce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

Novel adjuvant based on a proteoliposome‐derived cochleate structure containing native lipopolysaccharide as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Pérez ◽  
Gustavo Bracho ◽  
Miriam Lastre ◽  
Nestor Mora ◽  
Judith Del Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

scholarly journals Heterogeneous NLRP3 inflammasome signature in circulating myeloid cells as a biomarker of COVID-19 severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523-1534
Author(s):  
Johan Courjon ◽  
Océane Dufies ◽  
Alexandre Robert ◽  
Laurent Bailly ◽  
Cédric Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Activation Potential ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

Abstract Dysregulated immune response is the key factor leading to unfavorable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome. Depending on the pathogen-associated molecular pattern, the NLRP3 inflammasome can play a crucial role during innate immunity activation. To date, studies describing the NLRP3 response during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients are lacking. We prospectively monitored caspase-1 activation levels in peripheral myeloid cells from healthy donors and patients with mild to critical COVID-19. The caspase-1 activation potential in response to NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation was opposed between nonclassical monocytes and CD66b+CD16dim granulocytes in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Unexpectedly, the CD66b+CD16dim granulocytes had decreased nigericin-triggered caspase-1 activation potential associated with an increased percentage of NLRP3 inflammasome impaired immature neutrophils and a loss of eosinophils in the blood. In patients who recovered from COVID-19, nigericin-triggered caspase-1 activation potential in CD66b+CD16dim cells was restored and the proportion of immature neutrophils was similar to control. Here, we reveal that NLRP3 inflammasome activation potential differs among myeloid cells and could be used as a biomarker of a COVID-19 patient’s evolution. This assay could be a useful tool to predict patient outcome. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04385017.

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