Analysis of 13NH4+ Efflux in Spruce Roots (A Test Case for Phase Identification in Compartmental Analysis)

Image shifts in out-of-focus dark field images have been used in the past to determine, for example, epitaxial relationships in thin films. A recent extension of the use of dark field image shifts has been to out-of-focus images in conjunction with stereoviewing to produce an artificial stereo image effect. The technique, called through-focus dark field electron microscopy or 2-1/2D microscopy, basically involves obtaining two beam-tilted dark field images such that one is slightly over-focus and the other slightly under-focus, followed by examination of the two images through a conventional stereoviewer. The elevation differences so produced are usually unrelated to object positions in the thin foil and no specimen tilting is required.In order to produce this artificial stereo effect for the purpose of phase separation and identification, it is first necessary to select a region of the diffraction pattern containing more than just one discrete spot, with the objective aperture.

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Phase identification in SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3-R2O3-based composites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100121168 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 152-153

Author(s):

C.M. Sung ◽

K.J. Ostreicher ◽

M.L. Huckabee ◽

S.T. Buljan

Keyword(s):

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Phase Identification ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Ion Milling ◽

X Ray ◽

Binary Oxides ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

The Matrix ◽

Second Phases ◽

Convergent Beam

A series of binary oxides and SiC whisker reinforced composites both having a matrix composed of an α-(Al, R)2O3 solid solution (R: rare earth) have been studied by analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The mechanical properties of the composites as well as crystal structure, composition, and defects of both second phases and the matrix were investigated. The formation of various second phases, e.g. garnet, β-Alumina, or perovskite structures in the binary Al2O3-R2O3 and the ternary Al2O3-R2O3-SiC(w) systems are discussed.Sections of the materials having thicknesses of 100 μm - 300 μm were first diamond core drilled. The discs were then polished and dimpled. The final step was ion milling with Ar+ until breakthrough occurred. Samples prepared in this manner were then analyzed using the Philips EM400T AEM. The low-Z energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) data were obtained and correlated with convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns to identify phase compositions and structures. The following EDXS parameters were maintained in the analyzed areas: accelerating voltage of 120 keV, sample tilt of 12° and 20% dead time.

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Applications of SEM/EDXA in cement clinker investigation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100177489 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 870-871

Author(s):

Arezki Tagnit-Hamou ◽

Shondeep L. Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Phase Identification ◽

History Of ◽

Bulk Chemical ◽

Resolution Imaging ◽

Proven Method ◽

Instantaneous Chemical

All the desired properties of cement primarily depend on the physicochemical characteristics of clinker from which the cement is produced. The mineralogical composition of the clinker forms the most important parameter influencing these properties.Optical microscopy provides reasonably accurate information pertaining to the thermal history of the clinker, while XRDA still remains the proven method of phase identification, and bulk chemical composition of the clinker can be readily obtained from XRFA. Nevertheless, all these microanalytical techniques are somewhat limited in their applications, and SEM/EDXA combination fills this gap uniquely by virtue of its high resolution imaging capability and possibility of instantaneous chemical analysis of individual phases.Inhomogeneities and impurities in the raw meal, influence of kiln conditions such as sintering and cooling rate being directly related to the microstructure can be effectively determined by SEM/EDXA. In addition, several physical characteristics of cement, such as rhcology, grindability and hydraulicity also depend on the clinker microstructure.

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Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1628899 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (06) ◽

pp. 253-257

Author(s):

M. Mäntylä ◽

J. Perkkiö ◽

J. Heikkonen

Keyword(s):

Partition Coefficient ◽

Partition Coefficients ◽

Regional Blood Flow ◽

Blood Perfusion ◽

Compartmental Analysis ◽

Malignant Tumour ◽

Mean Value ◽

Perfusion Rate ◽

Biological Variables ◽

The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

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Religious Melancholy in the Romantic Period: William Cowper as Test Case

Romanticism ◽

10.3366/e1354991x09000622 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 144-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jane Darcy

Keyword(s):

Test Case ◽

Romantic Period ◽

William Cowper

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From Hard Money to Branch Banking

California History ◽

10.1525/ch.2016.93.1.26 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 26-44

Author(s):

Larry Schweikart ◽

Lynne Pierson Doti

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Financial Sector ◽

Gold Rush ◽

Test Case ◽

The West ◽

Branch Banking

In Gold Rush–era California, banking and the financial sector evolved in often distinctive ways because of the Gold Rush economy. More importantly, the abundance of gold on the West Coast provided an interesting test case for some of the critical economic arguments of the day, especially for those deriving from the descending—but still powerful—positions of the “hard money” Jacksonians.

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Biblical Literacy and the English King James Liberal Bible

Postscripts The Journal of Sacred Texts and Contemporary Worlds ◽

10.1558/post.v7i2.197 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 197-211

Author(s):

James Crossley

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Test Case ◽

Biblical Literacy ◽

The Public ◽

Public Arena ◽

The Bible ◽

Liberal Capitalism ◽

The Rich ◽

Popular Nationalism ◽

King James Bible

Using the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible as a test case, this article illustrates some of the important ways in which the Bible is understood and consumed and how it has continued to survive in an age of neoliberalism and postmodernity. It is clear that instant recognition of the Bible-as-artefact, multiple repackaging and pithy biblical phrases, combined with a popular nationalism, provide distinctive strands of this understanding and survival. It is also clear that the KJV is seen as a key part of a proud English cultural heritage and tied in with traditions of democracy and tolerance, despite having next to nothing to do with either. Anything potentially problematic for Western liberal discourse (e.g. calling outsiders “dogs,” smashing babies heads against rocks, Hades-fire for the rich, killing heretics, using the Bible to convert and colonize, etc.) is effectively removed, or even encouraged to be removed, from such discussions of the KJV and the Bible in the public arena. In other words, this is a decaffeinated Bible that has been colonized by, and has adapted to, Western liberal capitalism.

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