scholarly journals The Pto Bacterial Resistance Gene and the Fen Insecticide Sensitivity Gene Encode Functional Protein Kinases with Serine/Threonine Specificity

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1735-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Loh ◽  
G. B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Gene Encode ◽  
Sensitivity Gene

scholarly journals The Biopesticide Paenibacillus popilliae Has a Vancomycin Resistance Gene Cluster Homologous to the Enterococcal VanA Vancomycin Resistance Gene Cluster

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Patel ◽  
Kerryl Piper ◽  
Franklin R. Cockerill ◽  
James M. Steckelberg ◽  
Allan A. Yousten
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Gene Cluster ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT We have previously identified, in Paenibacillus popilliae, a 708-bp sequence which has homology to the sequence of the enterococcal vanA gene. We have performed further studies revealing five genes encoding homologues of VanY, VanZ, VanH, VanA, and VanX in P. popilliae. The predicted amino acid sequences are similar to those in VanA vancomycin-resistant enterococci: 61% identity for VanY, 21% for VanZ, 74% for VanH, 77% for VanA, and 79% for VanX. The genes in P. popilliae may have been a precursor to or have had ancestral genes in common with vancomycin resistance genes in enterococci. The use of P. popilliae biopesticidal preparations in agricultural practice may have an impact on bacterial resistance in human pathogens.

scholarly journals Diversity, classification and function of the plant protein kinase superfamily

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1602) ◽  
pp. 2619-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Lehti-Shiu ◽  
Shin-Han Shiu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
And Function

Eukaryotic protein kinases belong to a large superfamily with hundreds to thousands of copies and are components of essentially all cellular functions. The goals of this study are to classify protein kinases from 25 plant species and to assess their evolutionary history in conjunction with consideration of their molecular functions. The protein kinase superfamily has expanded in the flowering plant lineage, in part through recent duplications. As a result, the flowering plant protein kinase repertoire, or kinome, is in general significantly larger than other eukaryotes, ranging in size from 600 to 2500 members. This large variation in kinome size is mainly due to the expansion and contraction of a few families, particularly the receptor-like kinase/Pelle family. A number of protein kinases reside in highly conserved, low copy number families and often play broadly conserved regulatory roles in metabolism and cell division, although functions of plant homologues have often diverged from their metazoan counterparts. Members of expanded plant kinase families often have roles in plant-specific processes and some may have contributed to adaptive evolution. Nonetheless, non-adaptive explanations, such as kinase duplicate subfunctionalization and insufficient time for pseudogenization, may also contribute to the large number of seemingly functional protein kinases in plants.

scholarly journals The Resistome and Mobilome of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus sciuri C2865 Unveil a Transferable Trimethoprim Resistance Gene, Designated dfrE , Spread Unnoticed

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gómez-Sanz ◽  
Jose Manuel Haro-Moreno ◽  
Slade O. Jensen ◽  
Juan J. Roda-García ◽  
Mario López-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

The discovery and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRG) and their mobilization platforms are critical to understand the evolution of bacterial resistance and to restrain further expansion. Limited genomic data are available on Staphylococcus sciuri ; regardless, it is considered a reservoir for critical AMRG and mobile elements.

scholarly journals Silencing of WIPK and SIPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Reduces Tobacco mosaic virus Accumulation But Permits Systemic Viral Movement in Tobacco Possessing the N Resistance Gene

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1032-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michie Kobayashi ◽  
Shigemi Seo ◽  
Katsuyuki Hirai ◽  
Ayako Yamamoto-Katou ◽  
Shinpei Katou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Viral Accumulation

Infection of tobacco cultivars possessing the N resistance gene with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in confinement of the virus by necrotic lesions at the infection site. Although the mitogen-activated protein kinases WIPK and SIPK have been implicated in TMV resistance, evidence linking them directly to disease resistance is, as yet, insufficient. Viral multiplication was reduced slightly in WIPK- or SIPK-silenced plants but substantially in WIPK/SIPK-silenced plants, and was correlated with an increase in salicylic acid (SA) and a decrease in jasmonic acid (JA). Silencing of WIPK and SIPK in a tobacco cultivar lacking the N gene did not inhibit viral accumulation. The reduction in viral accumulation was attenuated by expressing a gene for an SA-degrading enzyme or by exogenously applying JA. Inoculation of lower leaves resulted in the systemic spread of TMV and formation of necrotic lesions in uninoculated upper leaves. These results suggested that WIPK and SIPK function to negatively regulate local resistance to TMV accumulation, partially through modulating accumulation of SA and JA in an N-dependent manner, but positively regulate systemic resistance.

scholarly journals Modes and Modulations of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Expression

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Depardieu ◽  
Isabelle Podglajen ◽  
Roland Leclercq ◽  
Ekkehard Collatz ◽  
Patrice Courvalin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Cost

SUMMARY Since antibiotic resistance usually affords a gain of function, there is an associated biological cost resulting in a loss of fitness of the bacterial host. Considering that antibiotic resistance is most often only transiently advantageous to bacteria, an efficient and elegant way for them to escape the lethal action of drugs is the alteration of resistance gene expression. It appears that expression of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is frequently regulated, which indicates that modulation of gene expression probably reflects a good compromise between energy saving and adjustment to a rapidly evolving environment. Modulation of gene expression can occur at the transcriptional or translational level following mutations or the movement of mobile genetic elements and may involve induction by the antibiotic. In the latter case, the antibiotic can have a triple activity: as an antibacterial agent, as an inducer of resistance to itself, and as an inducer of the dissemination of resistance determinants. We will review certain mechanisms, all reversible, that bacteria have elaborated to achieve antibiotic resistance by the fine-tuning of the expression of genetic information.

The L6 Gene for Flax Rust Resistance Is Related to the Arabidopsis Bacterial Resistance Gene RPS2 and the Tobacco Viral Resistance Gene N

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Lawrence ◽  
E. Jean Finnegan ◽  
Michael A. Ayliffe ◽  
Jeffrey G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Viral Resistance
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