scholarly journals Conifers, Angiosperm Trees, and Lianas: Growth, Whole-Plant Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Stable Isotope Composition (δ13C and δ18O) of Seedlings Grown in a Tropical Environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 642-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Cernusak ◽  
Klaus Winter ◽  
Jorge Aranda ◽  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stable Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

scholarly journals Control of the Nitrogen Isotope Composition of the Fungal Biomass: Evidence of Microbial Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Kazuki Shinoda ◽  
Midori Yano ◽  
Muneoki Yoh ◽  
Makoto Yoshida ◽  
Akiko Makabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Composition ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Early Carboniferous (Late Tournaisian–Early Viséan) ostracods from the Ballagan Formation, central Scotland, UK

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Williams ◽  
Michael Stephenson ◽  
Ian P. Wilkinson ◽  
Melanie J. Leng ◽  
C. Giles Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Stable Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Abstract. The Ballagan Formation (Late Tournaisian–Early Viséan) of central Scotland yields an ostracod fauna of 14 species in ten genera, namely Beyrichiopsis, Cavellina, Glyptolichvinella, Glyptopleura, Knoxiella, Paraparchites, Sansabella, Shemonaella, Silenites and Sulcella. The ostracods, in combination with palynomorphs, are important biostratigraphical indices for correlating the rock sequences, where other means of correlation, especially goniatites, conodonts, foraminifera, brachiopods or corals are absent. Stratigraphical distribution of the ostracods, calibrated with well-established palynomorph biozones, identifies three informally defined intervals: a sub-CM palynomorph Biozone interval with poor ostracod assemblages including Shemonaella scotoburdigalensis; a succeeding interval within the CM palynomorph Biozone where Cavellina coela, Cavellina incurvescens, Sansabella amplectans and the new species Knoxiella monarchella and Paraparchites discus first appear; and, an upper interval, in the upper CM Biozone, marked by the appearance of Sulcella affiliata. At least locally in central Scotland, S. affiliata permits a level of resolution equivalent to a sub-zonal upper division of the CM Biozone. The fauna, flora, sedimentology and stable isotope composition (δ13C and δ18O) of carbonate minerals in the Ballagan Formation suggest the ostracods inhabited brackish, hypersaline and ephemeral aquatic ecologies in a coastal floodplain setting.

scholarly journals A genetic link between whole-plant water use efficiency and leaf carbon isotope composition in the C4 grass Setaria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Z. Ellsworth ◽  
Max J. Feldman ◽  
Ivan Baxter ◽  
Asaph B. Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractIncreasing whole plant water use efficiency (yield per transpiration; WUEplant) through plant breeding can benefit the sustainability of agriculture and improve crop yield under drought. To select for WUEplant, an efficient phenotyping method that reports on the genetic contribution of component traits such as transpiration efficiency (TEi; rate of CO2 assimilation per stomatal conductance) must be developed. Leaf carbon stable isotope composition (δ13Cleaf) has been proposed as a high-throughput proxy for TEi, and a negative correlation between δ13Cleaf and both WUEplant and TEi has previously been demonstrated in several C4 grass species. Therefore, the aim of the research presented here was to determine if the same loci control δ13Cleaf, WUEplant, and TEi under well-watered and water-limited conditions in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of closely related C4 grasses Setaria viridis and S. italica. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for δ13Cleaf were co-localized with transpiration, biomass, and a linear model of WUE. When WUEplant was calculated for allele classes based on the three QTL for δ13Cleaf, δ13Cleaf was negatively correlated with WUEplant as theory predicts when WUEplant is in part driven by differences in TEi. In any population, multiple traits can influence WUEplant; however, the analysis of δ13Cleaf in this RIL population demonstrates that there is genetic control of TEi that significantly contributes to WUEplant. Furthermore, this research suggests that δ13Cleaf can be used in marker-assisted breeding to select for TEi and as a tool to better understand the physiology and genetic architecture of TEi and WUEplant in C4 species.Significance StatementOverextended water resources and drought are major agricultural problems worldwide. Therefore, selection for increased plant water use efficiency (WUEplant) in food and biofuel crop species is an important trait in plant breeding programs. Leaf carbon isotopic composition (δ13Cleaf) has potential as a rapid and effective high throughput phenotyping method for intrinsic transpiration efficiency (TEi), an important leaf-level component trait of WUEplant. Our research shows that δ13Cleaf and WUEplant share a common genetic architecture through their shared relationship with TEi. This suggests that δ13Cleaf can be used as a screen for TEi in marker-assisted plant breeding programs to improve crop drought resistance and decrease agricultural water consumption.

scholarly journals Strategies to improve photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency with no yield penalty: lessons from late-sown winter wheat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Yin ◽  
Haicheng Xu ◽  
Shuxin Dong ◽  
Jinpeng Chu ◽  
Xinglong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency

HighlightOptimal N allocation at several integration levels accounts for improved canopy PNUE while maintaining high grain yield in winter wheatAbstractImproving canopy photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) may maintain or even increase yield with reduced N input. In this study, later-sown winter wheat was studied to reveal the mechanism underlying improved canopy PNUE while maintaining high yield. N allocation at several levels was optimised in late-sown wheat plants. N content per plant increased. Increased N was allocated to the flag leaf and second leaf, and to ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in upper leaves. Constant or reduced N was allocated to leaf 3, leaf 4, and Rubisco in lower leaves. The specific green leaf area nitrogen (SLN) of upper leaves increased, while that of lower leaves remained unchanged or decreased. N allocation to the cell wall decreased in all leaves. As a result, the maximum carboxylation rate of upper leaves increased, and that of lower leaves remained constant or decreased. CO2 diffusion capacity was enhanced in all leaves. Outperformance by light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) over SLN led to improved PNUE in upper leaves. Enhanced Pmax coupled with unchanged or decreased SLN resulted in improved PNUE in lower leaves. High yield was maintained because enhanced photosynthetic capacity at the leaf and whole plant levels compensated for reduced canopy leaf area.

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