scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Mutants Resistant to the Antiauxin p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid Reveals That AAR3, a Gene Encoding a DCN1-Like Protein, Regulates Responses to the Synthetic Auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Arabidopsis Roots

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kanti Biswas ◽  
Chiharu Ooura ◽  
Kanako Higuchi ◽  
Yuji Miyazaki ◽  
Vinh Van Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid

A gene encoding SMALL ACIDIC PROTEIN 2 potentially mediates the response to synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, in Arabidopsis thaliana

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (12) ◽  
pp. 1307-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Nakasone ◽  
Maki Kawai-Yamada ◽  
Tomohiro Kiyosue ◽  
Issay Narumi ◽  
Hirofumi Uchimiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes emm 89 strains isolated in Japan from 2011 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiro Hirose ◽  
Masaya Yamaguchi ◽  
Norihiko Takemoto ◽  
Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama ◽  
Tomoko Sumitomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Serum Opacity Factor ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes emm 89 strains has been increasing in several countries and reported to be linked with a recently emerged clade of emm89 strains, designated clade 3. In Japan, epidemiological and genetic information for emm89 strains remains elusive. In this study, we utilized emm89 strains isolated from both STSS (89 isolates) and non-STSS (72 isolates) infections in Japan from 2011 to 2019, and conducted whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis, which resulted in classification of a large majority into clade 3 regardless of disease severity. In addition, STSS-associated genes and SNPs were found in clade 3 strains, including mutations of streptokinase (Ska), control of virulence sensor (CovS), serum opacity factor (SOF), sortase (SrtB), and fibronectin-binding protein F1 (PrtF1), and absence of the hylP1 gene encoding hyaluronidase. These findings provide insights into notable genetic features of emm89 strains.

scholarly journals Characterization of Hapten-Protein Conjugates: Antibody Generation and Immunoassay Development for Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Pesticides

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C Boro ◽  
K Vikas Singh ◽  
C Raman Suri
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Conjugation ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract The generation of specific and sensitive antibodies against small molecules is greatly dependent upon the characteristics of the hapten-protein conjugates. In this study, we report a new fluorescence-based method for the characterization of hapten-protein conjugates. The method is based on an effect promoted by hapten-protein conjugation density upon the fluorescence intensity of the intrinsic tryptophan chromophore molecules of the protein. The proposed methodology is applied to quantify the hapten-protein conjugation density for two different chlorophenoxyacetic acid pesticides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB), coupled to carrier protein. Highly sensitive anti-2,4-D and anti-2,4-DB antibodies were obtained using these well-characterized hapten-protein conjugates. The generated antibodies were used in an immunoassay format demonstrating inhibitory concentration (IC50) values equal to 30 and 7 ng/mL for 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, respectively. Linearity was observed in the concentration range between 0.1500 ng/mL with LODs around 4 and 3 ng/mL for 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, respectively, in standard water samples. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the extent of hapten-protein conjugation to produce specific antibodies for immunoassay development against pesticides.

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of Two Enantioselective α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases, RdpA and SdpA, from Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4853-4861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina A. Müller ◽  
Thomas Fleischmann ◽  
Jan Roelof van der Meer ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Herbicides ◽  
Growth Experiments

ABSTRACT α-Ketoglutarate-dependent (R)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (RdpA) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent (S)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (SdpA), which are involved in the degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH, were expressed and purified as His6-tagged fusion proteins from Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)(pLysS). RdpA and SdpA belong to subgroup II of the α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and share the specific motif HXDX24TX131HX10R. Amino acids His-111, Asp-113, and His-270 and amino acids His-102, Asp-104, and His 257 comprise the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triads and were predicted to be involved in iron binding in RdpA and SdpA, respectively. RdpA exclusively transformed the (R) enantiomers of mecoprop [2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid] and dichlorprop [2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid], whereas SdpA was specific for the (S) enantiomers. The apparent Km values were 99 μM for (R)-mecoprop, 164 μM for (R)-dichlorprop, and 3 μM for α-ketoglutarate for RdpA and 132 μM for (S)-mecoprop, 495 μM for (S)-dichlorprop, and 20 μM for α-ketoglutarate for SdpA. Both enzymes had high apparent Km values for oxygen; these values were 159 μM for SdpA and >230 μM for RdpA, whose activity was linearly dependent on oxygen at the concentration range measured. Both enzymes had narrow cosubstrate specificity; only 2-oxoadipate was able to replace α-ketoglutarate, and the rates were substantially diminished. Ferrous iron was necessary for activity of the enzymes, and other divalent cations could not replace it. Although the results of growth experiments suggest that strain MH harbors a specific 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-converting enzyme, tfdA-, tfdAα-, or cadAB-like genes were not discovered in a screening analysis in which heterologous hybridization and PCR were used.

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