scholarly journals Phosphorus and Aluminum Interactions in Soybean in Relation to Aluminum Tolerance. Exudation of Specific Organic Acids from Different Regions of the Intact Root System

2006 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 674-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liao ◽  
Huiyan Wan ◽  
Jon Shaff ◽  
Xiurong Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Root System ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Intact Root

Differential aluminum tolerance in soybean: An evaluation of the role of organic acids

2001 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo R. Silva ◽  
Thomas J. Smyth ◽  
C. David Raper ◽  
Thomas E. Carter ◽  
Thomas W. Rufty
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance

scholarly journals Role of exudation of organic acids and phosphate in aluminum tolerance of four tropical woody species

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 1041-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Nguyen ◽  
K. Nakabayashi ◽  
J. Thompson ◽  
K. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Woody Species

scholarly journals 265 Root Architecture in Quercus falcata after Physical Removal of the Radicle Tip or Copper Treatment

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 488A-488
Author(s):  
Gisele G. Martins ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Sharon Kester
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Link Length ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Internal Link ◽  
Intact Root ◽  
Root Box

Quercus falcata acorns were cold-stratified for 120 days and then sown in vermiculite under greenhouse conditions. When radicles were 7 cm long, the root tip was either removed (physically pruned) or dipped in a copper hydroxide solution (copper-treated). Intact root systems were used as control. Seedlings were then moved to a root box to observe root system architectures. The box was built of clear plexiglass 2.5 mm thick, and each face was 25.7 × 35.7 cm. Styrofoam spacers were used to separate faces, and nuts and bolts were placed along edges to hold the root box together. To permit observation of the entire root system, plants were grown in a plane between the plexiglass surface and a nylon sheet that separated roots from the medium (MetroMix 510). At 7, 9, and 11 days after treatment, the entire root system was traced on an acetate sheet, and number of internal and external links and number of secondary and tertiary roots were recorded. Total length, internal and external root links length, were obtained using digital analysis (MacRhizo). Dry weight of roots and shoots was collected at the end of this experiment (day 11). Treatment effects were evident 11 days after treatment. Copper-treated plants had statistically more secondary roots and larger internal link length than control or physically pruned plants. Also, copper-treated plants had smaller mean external link length, showing a more branched root system. Root biomass was similar for all treatments; however, copper-treated plants had smaller root: shoot ratio. This suggests that copper was acting as more than a pruning agent because copper-treated plants showed a different root system architecture compared to physically pruned plants.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Organic Acid Secretion Associated with the Interaction betweenBurkholderia multivoransWS-FJ9 and Poplar Root System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Xi Li ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Jian-Ren Ye ◽  
He-Chuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Burkholderia Multivorans ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Poplar Root

The objective of this study was to investigate whether plant-bacteria interaction affects the secretion of organic acids by both organisms and to assess whether the production of IAA by the bacterium increases the secretion of organic acids by root exudates, and if the stress produced by low available phosphorus (P) affects the production of organic acids by bacteria, by roots, or by root exudates in presence of bacterial cultures. With this purpose, we used as a biological model poplar plants and one strain ofBurkholderia multivoransable to solubilize P. High performance liquid chromatography was utilized to measure organic acids. The tests, the inductive effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on secretion of organic acids, the 2 × 4 × 2 factorial design experiment, and the ability of organic acids to solubilize tricalcium phosphate were performed to investigate the interactive effects. The results showed that, afterB. multivoransWS-FJ9 interacted with the poplar root system, the key phosphate-solubilizing driving force was gluconic acid (GA) which was produced in three ways: (1) secreted by the root system in the presence of IAA produced byB. multivoransWS-FJ9; (2) secreted byB. multivoransWS-FJ9; and (3) secreted by the poplar root system in the presence of phosphorus stress. When phosphorus stress was absent, the GA was produced as outlined in (1) and (2) above. These results demonstrated that inoculatingB. multivoransWS-FJ9 into the poplar root system could increase the amount of GA secretion and implied that the interaction betweenB. multivoransWS-FJ9 and the poplar root system could contribute to the increase of P available fraction for poplar plants.

Physiological and biochemical studies on aluminum tolerance in pineapple

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Le Van ◽  
T. Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Callose Formation

Aluminum is rhizotoxic and is often present in acidic soils at activities high enough to inhibit root growth. The objectives of present study were to screen for Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill) cultivars and to investigate the potential mechanism(s) of Al tolerance. Seven cultivars were analysed and found to differ considerably in Al tolerance. The cultivars Soft Touch (Al-sensitive) and Cayenne (Al-tolerant) were selected for further analysis of physiological mechanism(s) of Al tolerance. The root elongation of Soft Touch was 80% compared with 120% for Cayenne in response to 300 μm AlCl3 at pH 4.5 for 72 h. Al accumulation and Al-induced callose formation in root apices were 50 and 15% of that in Cayenne, respectively. It is clearly shown that Al only inhibited Soft Touch during the treatment, whereas it enhanced root growth of Cayenne, suggesting an Al-induced Al-tolerance mechanism operating in Cayenne. There was no significantly difference in total protein in root exudates between cultivars treated with or without 300 μm AlCl3. However, 2D SDS–PAGE analysis could detect an acidic and low molecular weight protein in Al-treated Cayenne root tips, but not in control Cayenne or in Soft Touch both in the presence and absence of Al. The identification of organic acids in collected root exudates was conducted on Al-tolerant Cayenne. Citrate, malate, and succinate were found in Cayenne root exudates, and citrate was induced by Al exposure. Changes in organic acids from root exudates and soluble protein of root tips may be involved in the Al-tolerance mechanism. Further studies are, however, needed to clarify their functions on detoxification of Al in the pineapple roots.

The influence of aluminum on growth, carbohydrate, and organic acid content of an aluminum-tolerant and an aluminun-sensitive cultivar of wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott ◽  
J. Hoddinott ◽  
G. J. Taylor ◽  
K. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tolerance Strategy ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Organic Acid Content ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

An aluminum-sensitive cultivar (Katepwa) and an aluminum-tolerant experimental line (PT741) of Triticum aestivum were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0–400 μM aluminum at pH 4.5. After 18 days of growth, plant fresh weight was reduced in the Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant germ plasm by as little as 100 and 200 μM Al, respectively, and a number of changes in carbon allocation were observed. Shoot to root ratios increased with Al concentration in the Al-sensitive 'Katepwa' and remained constant in the Al-tolerant PT741.In both 'Katepwa' and PT741, shoot carbon was increasingly deposited into starch and fructan pools with increasing Al concentration. However, fructan deposition was more marked in the Al-sensitive 'Katepwa', possibly reflecting a failure to export carbon to the roots. Differences between Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive germ plasm were also observed in some organic acid levels. Contrary to several previous reports, higher concentrations of organic acids were found in the roots of Al-sensitive 'Katepwa'. In shoots, higher concentrations of organic acid were found in the Al-tolerant PT741. These results suggest that allocation of carbon to specific pools is affected by the concentration of Al. However, synthesis of organic acids and subsequent chelation of intracellular Al does not appear to represent a tolerance strategy in wheat. Observed changes in metabolic levels more likely represent a broad array of toxic lesions, with the magnitude of changes being greater in the Al-sensitive 'Katepwa' than in the Al-tolerant PT741. Key words: stress, aluminum tolerance, aluminum sensitivity, fructans.

scholarly journals A Defective Vacuolar Proton Pump Enhances Aluminum Tolerance by Reducing Vacuole Sequestration of Organic Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyi Yan ◽  
Xingbao Han ◽  
Renjie Tang ◽  
Moli Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Vacuolar Proton Pump

Cell wall pectin methyl-esterification and organic acids of root tips involve in aluminum tolerance in Camellia sinensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqin Li ◽  
Zaifa Shu ◽  
Xiaoli Ye ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhu ◽  
Junting Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Methyl Esterification
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