scholarly journals Role of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C in Determining Variation in Flowering Time of Arabidopsis

2005 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 1163-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Shindo ◽  
Maria Jose Aranzana ◽  
Clare Lister ◽  
Catherine Baxter ◽  
Colin Nicholls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Flowering Locus C ◽  
Flowering Locus

scholarly journals The Role of FLOWERING LOCUS C Relatives in Cereals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Kennedy ◽  
Koen Geuten
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Flowering Locus C ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
Fine Tune

FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is one of the best characterized genes in plant research and is integral to vernalization-dependent flowering time regulation. Yet, despite the abundance of information on this gene and its relatives in Arabidopsis thaliana, the role FLC genes play in other species, in particular cereal crops and temperate grasses, remains elusive. This has been due in part to the comparative reduced availability of bioinformatic and mutant resources in cereals but also on the dominant effect in cereals of the VERNALIZATION (VRN) genes on the developmental process most associated with FLC in Arabidopsis. The strong effect of the VRN genes has led researchers to believe that the entire process of vernalization must have evolved separately in Arabidopsis and cereals. Yet, since the confirmation of the existence of FLC-like genes in monocots, new light has been shed on the roles these genes play in both vernalization and other mechanisms to fine tune development in response to specific environmental conditions. Comparisons of FLC gene function and their genetic and epigenetic regulation can now be made between Arabidopsis and cereals and how they overlap and diversify is coming into focus. With the advancement of genome editing techniques, further study on these genes is becoming increasingly easier, enabling us to investigate just how essential FLC-like genes are to modulating flowering time behavior in cereals.

scholarly journals Histone H2B Monoubiquitination in the Chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C Regulates Flowering Time in Arabidopsis

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2586-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cao ◽  
Yan Dai ◽  
Sujuan Cui ◽  
Ligeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Histone H2b ◽  
Flowering Locus C ◽  
Flowering Locus

scholarly journals Involvement of the Histone Acetyltransferase AtHAC1 in the Regulation of Flowering Time via Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis

2007 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1660-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
WeiWei Deng ◽  
ChunYan Liu ◽  
YanXi Pei ◽  
Xian Deng ◽  
LiFang Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Flowering Locus C ◽  
Flowering Locus

scholarly journals Initial embedding of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 in the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering time regulatory pathway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A M Paffendorf ◽  
Rawan Qassrawi ◽  
Andrea M Meys ◽  
Laura Trimborn ◽  
Andrea Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Transparent Testa ◽  
Flowering Locus

Pleiotropic regulatory factors mediate concerted responses of the plant’s trait network to endogenous and exogenous cues. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) is a pleiotropic regulator that has been predominantly described in its role as a regulator of early accessible developmental traits. Although its closest homologs LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 are regulators of photoperiodic flowering, a role of TTG1 in flowering time regulation has not been reported. Here we reveal that TTG1 is a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transcription levels of different targets within the flowering time regulatory pathway. TTG1 mutants flower early and TTG1 overexpression lines flower late at long-day conditions. Consistently, TTG1 can suppress the transcript levels of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 and can act as an activator of circadian clock components. Moreover, TTG1 might form feedback loops at the protein level. The TTG1 protein interacts with PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR)s and basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 92 (bHLH92) in yeast. In planta, the respective pairs exhibit interesting patterns of localization including a recruitment of TTG1 by PRR5 to subnuclear foci. This mechanism proposes additional layers of regulation by TTG1 and might aid to specify the function of bHLH92. Within another branch of the pathway, TTG1 can elevate FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript levels. FLC mediates signals from the vernalization, ambient temperature and autonomous pathway and the circadian clock is pivotal for the plant to synchronize with diurnal cycles of environmental stimuli like light and temperature. Our results suggest an unexpected positioning of TTG1 upstream of FLC and upstream of the circadian clock. In this light, this points to an adaptive value of the role of TTG1 in respect to flowering time regulation.

scholarly journals TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 participates in flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A.M. Paffendorf ◽  
Rawan Qassrawi ◽  
Andrea M. Meys ◽  
Laura Trimborn ◽  
Andrea Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Autonomous Pathway ◽  
Transparent Testa ◽  
Flowering Locus

Pleiotropic regulatory factors mediate concerted responses of the plant’s trait network to endogenous and exogenous cues. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) is such a factor that has been predominantly described as a regulator of early developmental traits. Although its closest homologs LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 affect photoperiodic flowering, a role of TTG1 in flowering time regulation has not been reported. Here we reveal that TTG1 is a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transcript levels of different targets within the flowering time regulatory pathway. TTG1 mutants flower early and TTG1 overexpression lines flower late at long-day conditions. Consistently, TTG1 can suppress the transcript levels of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 and can act as an activator of circadian clock components. Moreover, TTG1 might form feedback loops at the protein level. The TTG1 protein interacts with PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR)s and basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 92 (bHLH92) in yeast. In planta, the respective pairs exhibit interesting patterns of localization including a recruitment of TTG1 by PRR5 to subnuclear foci. This mechanism proposes additional layers of regulation by TTG1 and might aid to specify the function of bHLH92. Within another branch of the pathway, TTG1 can elevate FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript levels. FLC mediates signals from the vernalization, ambient temperature and autonomous pathway and the circadian clock is pivotal for the plant to synchronize with diurnal cycles of environmental stimuli like light and temperature. Our results suggest an unexpected positioning of TTG1 upstream of FLC and upstream of the circadian clock. In this light, this points to an adaptive value of the role of TTG1 in respect to flowering time regulation.

scholarly journals FLOWERING LOCUS T4 delays flowering and decreases floret fertility in barley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pieper ◽  
Filipa Tomé ◽  
Artem Pankin ◽  
Maria von Korff
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Photoperiodic Regulation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Flowering Time Control

Abstract FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT-like) genes control the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in many angiosperm plants. The family of FT-like genes is characterized by extensive gene duplication and subsequent diversification of FT functions which occurred independently in modern angiosperm lineages. In barley, there are 12 known FT-like genes (HvFT), but the function of most of them remains uncharacterized. This study aimed to characterize the role of HvFT4 in flowering time control and development in barley. The overexpression of HvFT4 in the spring cultivar Golden Promise delayed flowering time under long-day conditions. Microscopic dissection of the shoot apical meristem revealed that overexpression of HvFT4 specifically delayed spikelet initiation and reduced the number of spikelet primordia and grains per spike. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of HvFT4 was associated with floret abortion and with the down-regulation of the barley MADS-box genes VRN-H1, HvBM3, and HvBM8 which promote floral development. This suggests that HvFT4 functions as a repressor of reproductive development in barley. Unraveling the genetic basis of FT-like genes can contribute to the identification of novel breeding targets to modify reproductive development and thereby spike morphology and grain yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document