scholarly journals Specificity in Ecological Interactions. Attack from the Same Lepidopteran Herbivore Results in Species-Specific Transcriptional Responses in Two Solanaceous Host Plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 1763-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik D. Schmidt ◽  
Claudia Voelckel ◽  
Markus Hartl ◽  
Silvia Schmidt ◽  
Ian T. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Differentially regulated orthologs in sorghum and the subgenomes of maize

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Daniel W. Ngu ◽  
Daniel Carvalho ◽  
Zhikai Liang ◽  
Yumou Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Micrococcal Nuclease ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Hypersensitive Sites ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractCross-species comparisons of transcriptional regulation have the potential to identify functionally constrained transcriptional regulation and genes for which a change in transcriptional regulation correlates with a change in phenotype. Conventional differential gene expression analysis and a different approach based on identifying differentially regulated orthologs (DROs) are compared using paired time course gene expression data from two species which respond similarly to cold – maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Both approaches suggest that, for genes conserved at syntenic positions for millions of years, the majority of cold responsive transcriptional regulation is species specific, although initial transcriptional responses to cold appear to be more conserved between the two species than later responses. In maize, the promoters of genes with both species specific and conserved transcriptional responses to cold tend to contain more micrococcal nuclease hypersensitive sites in their promoters, a proxy for open chromatin. However, genes with conserved patterns of transcriptional regulation between the two species show lower ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions consistent with this population of genes experiencing stronger purifying selection. We hypothesize that cold responsive transcriptional regulation is a fast evolving and largely neutral molecular phenotype for the majority of genes in Andropogoneae, while a smaller core set of genes involved in perceiving and responding to cold stress are subject to functionally constrained cold responsive regulation.

scholarly journals Complex evolutionary dynamics govern the diversity and distribution of biosynthetic gene clusters and their encoded specialized metabolites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Chase ◽  
Douglas Sweeney ◽  
Mitchell N. Muskat ◽  
Dulce Guillén-Matus ◽  
Paul R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Marine Actinomycete ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Gain Loss

ABSTRACTWhile specialized metabolites are thought to mediate ecological interactions, the evolutionary processes driving their distributions, particularly among closely related lineages, remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the evolutionary dynamics governing the diversity and distribution of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in 118 strains across nine described species within the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora. While previous evidence indicated that horizontal gene transfer largely contributed to BGC diversity, we find that a majority of BGCs in Salinispora genomes are maintained by processes of vertical descent. In particular, we identified species-specific signatures that were associated with both BGC distributions and the production of their encoded specialized metabolites. By analyzing nine experimentally characterized BGCs that range in conservation from species to genus specific, we find that the distribution of BGCs among Salinispora species is maintained by selection, while BGC diversification is constrained by recombination among closely related strains and strengthened by gain/loss events between species. Notably, the evolutionary processes driving BGC diversification had direct consequences for compound production, elucidating the mechanisms that lead to chemical diversification. These results support the concept that specialized metabolites, and their cognate BGCs, represent functional traits associated with ecological differentiation among Salinispora species.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Acute exposure to oil induces age and species-specific transcriptional responses in embryo-larval estuarine fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 114325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Jones ◽  
Danielle Simning ◽  
Jenifer Serafin ◽  
Maria S. Sepúlveda ◽  
Robert J. Griffitt
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Effects of phenological synchronization on caterpillar early-instar survival under a changing climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Despland
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Very High

Early-instar caterpillars experience very high and often very variable mortality; if it is density dependent, it can be a key factor in outbreak dynamics. Plant physical and chemical defenses can be extremely effective against young caterpillars, even of specialists. Phenological asynchrony with host plants can lead to dispersal and mortality in the early instars and increased predation or poor nutrition in later instars. Predation on early-instar larvae (including cannibalism) can be extremely high, parasitism appears generally low, and pathogens acquired early in larval development can lead to high mortality in later stadia. Four well-studied species reveal very different roles of early-instar mortality in population dynamics. In spruce budworm and gypsy moth, early-instar mortality rates can be very high; they do not drive outbreak cycles because density dependence is weak, but can modulate cycles and contribute to outbreak size and duration. For the autumnal moth, early-instar survival depends on host plant synchrony, but may or may not be density dependent. For monarch butterflies, the relative importance of larval mortality rates in population dynamics remains unclear. Tritrophic interactions between herbivores, host plants, natural enemies, and microbes play complex and species-specific roles in early-instar ecology, leading to emergent dynamics in population fluctuations. The phenology of these relationships is often poorly understood, making their responses to climate change unpredictable.

scholarly journals Gall-Colonizing Ants and Their Role as Plant Defenders: From ‘Bad Job’ to ‘Useful Service’

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannetti ◽  
Castracani ◽  
Spotti ◽  
Mori ◽  
Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Indirect Defence ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Species Specific

Galls are neoformed structures on host plant tissues caused by the attack of insects or other organisms. They support different communities of specialized parasitic insects (the gall inducers), and can also provide refuge to other insects, such as moths, beetles and ants, referred to as secondary occupants. This study focuses on galls induced by the oak gall wasp Andricus quercustozae and secondarily colonized by ants in a mixed oak forest. A field survey and two experiments were carried out to a) study ant (species-specific) preferences for different features of the galls, b) describe differences in gall architecture due to ant activity, c) analyse the effects of the presence of gall-dwelling ants on plant health. The results show that there are differences between ant species in gall colonization and in the alteration of gall opening and inner structure. We verified that gall-dwelling ants protect their host plants efficiently, offering them an indirect defence mechanism against enemies (predators and pathogens). The data suggest a new paradigm in ant–plant relationships mediated by the presence of galls on the plants whose ecological and evolutionary implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Transcriptional responses of invasive and indigenous whiteflies to different host plants reveal their disparate capacity of adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Xing Xu ◽  
Yue Hong ◽  
Min-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Yong-Liang Wang ◽  
Shu-Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Transcriptional Responses

scholarly journals Suppression of Plant Defenses by a Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid) Salivary Effector Protein

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezi A. Elzinga ◽  
Martin De Vos ◽  
Georg Jander
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Phloem Feeding

The complex interactions between aphids and their host plant are species-specific and involve multiple layers of recognition and defense. Aphid salivary proteins, which are released into the plant during phloem feeding, are a likely mediator of these interactions. In an approach to identify aphid effectors that facilitate feeding from host plants, eleven Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) salivary proteins and the GroEL protein of Buchnera aphidicola, a bacterial endosymbiont of this aphid species, were expressed transiently in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Whereas two salivary proteins increased aphid reproduction, expression of three other aphid proteins and GroEL significantly decreased aphid reproduction on N. tabacum. These effects were recapitulated in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Further experiments with A. thaliana expressing Mp55, a salivary protein that increased aphid reproduction, showed lower accumulation of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, callose and hydrogen peroxide in response to aphid feeding. Mp55-expressing plants also were more attractive for aphids in choice assays. Silencing Mp55 gene expression in M. persicae using RNA interference approaches reduced aphid reproduction on N. tabacum, A. thaliana, and N. benthamiana. Together, these results demonstrate a role for Mp55, a protein with as-yet-unknown molecular function, in the interaction of M. persicae with its host plants.

scholarly journals Conservation and diversity in transcriptional responses among host plants forming distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaya Tominaga ◽  
Chihiro Miura ◽  
Yuuka Sumigawa ◽  
Yukine Hirose ◽  
Katsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Am Symbiosis

The morphotype of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) roots is distinct mostly depending on AM host species: Arum, Paris, and Intermediate types. We previously reported that gibberellin (GA) promotes the establishment of Paris-type AM symbiosis in Eustoma grandiflorum despite its negative effects on Arum-type AM symbiosis in model plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential effects of GA on different morphotypes, including Intermediate-type AM symbiosis, remain elusive. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that several symbiosis-related genes were transcriptionally promoted upon AM fungal colonization in Lotus japonicus (Arum-type), Daucus carota (Intermediate-type), and E. grandiflorum (Paris-type). Interestingly, upon GA treatment, the fungal colonization levels and expression of symbiosis-related genes were suppressed in L. japonicus and D. carota but were promoted in E. grandiflorum. Exogenous GA transcriptionally inhibited the biosynthetic process of a host-derived signal molecule involved in AM symbiosis, strigolactone, in L. japonicus and E. grandiflorum. Additionally, disaccharides mainly metabolized in AM roots would be different between L. japonicus and D. carota/ E. grandiflorum. This study uncovered the conserved transcriptional responses during mycorrhization and diverse responses to GA in AM roots with distinct morphotypes among phylogenetically distant host plants.

scholarly journals Evaluating host to host transplants as a method to study plant bacterial assembly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Baldock ◽  
Neil Wilson ◽  
Rosalind Deaker
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Surrogate Host ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

The ability to predict plant microbiome assembly will enable new bacterial-based technologies for agriculture. A major step towards this is quantifying the roles of ecological processes on community assembly. This is challenging, in part because individuals within a populations of host plants may be colonised by different assemblages of bacteria, simply because of variation in soil communities proximal to said plants. This creates uncertainty because it is difficult to estimate if the absence of a given species was a) because it was not present to colonise the plant or b) it went locally extinct from competition, predation or similar. To address this, the authors develop a mesocosm system to study bacterial communities of individual plants by replicated transplantation to a recipient host plant population, ensuring new hosts receive a homogenous species pool for colonisation. We sought to understand which factors affected the transplant and, what the main drivers of variation in the model communities were. A nested factorial design was used to investigate the transplantation of cultured or total, root or leaf associated bacterial communities from donor host species to surrogate host species. Specific metrics were developed to quantify colonisation efficiency of communities. The results show the root communities were more effectively transplanted than leaf communities, and a higher proportion of cultured communities were recovered than total communities. For root communities the strongest drivers of beta diversity was the donor host species, and for leaves it was the surrogate host species. Overall the results reveal that root, but not leaf communities are suited to this system reflecting their differing ecological drivers.

scholarly journals RNA degradation analysis reveals ribosome dynamics in complex microbiome samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Huch ◽  
Lilit Nersisyan ◽  
Maria Ropat ◽  
Donal Barret ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Degradation Analysis ◽  
Protection Information ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Nucleotide Resolution ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
First Time

Post-transcriptional regulation is essential for life, yet we are currently unable to investigate its role in complex microbiome samples. Here we discover that co-translational mRNA degradation, where the degradation machinery follows the last translating ribosome, is conserved across prokaryotes. By investigating 5′P mRNA decay intermediates, we obtain in vivo ribosome protection information that allows the study of codon and gene specific ribosome stalling in response to stress and drug treatment at single nucleotide resolution. We use this approach to investigate in vivo species-specific ribosome footprints of clinical and environmental microbiomes and show for the first time that ribosome protection patterns can be used to phenotype microbiome perturbations. Our work paves the way for the study of the metatranslatome, and enables the investigation of fast, species-specific, post-transcriptional responses to environmental and chemical perturbations in unculturable microbial communities.

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