scholarly journals Cold-Induced Changes in Freezing Tolerance, Protein Phosphorylation, and Gene Expression (Evidence for a Role of Calcium)

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Monroy ◽  
F. Sarhan ◽  
R. S. Dhindsa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Expression Evidence ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals A single nuclei transcriptomic analysis of the Atlantic salmon gill through smoltification and seawater transfer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. West ◽  
Yasutaka Mizoro ◽  
Shona H. Wood ◽  
Louise M. Ince ◽  
Marianne Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Freshwater Environments ◽  
Transcriptomic Studies

AbstractAnadromous salmonids begin life adapted to the freshwater environments of their natal streams before a developmental transition, known as smoltification, transforms them into marine-adapted fish. In the wild, the extending photoperiods of spring stimulates smoltification, typified by radical reprogramming of the gill from an ion-absorbing organ to ion-excreting organ. Prior work has highlighted the role of specialized “mitochondrion-rich” cells in delivering this phenotype. However, transcriptomic studies identify thousands of smoltification-driven differentially regulated genes, indicating that smoltification causes a multifaceted, multicellular change; but direct evidence of this is lacking.Here, we use single-nuclei RNAseq to characterize the Atlantic salmon gill during smoltification and seawater transfer. We identify 20 distinct clusters of nuclei, including known, but also novel gill cell types. These data allow us to isolate cluster-specific, smoltification-induced changes in gene expression. We also show how cellular make-up of the gill changes through smoltification. As expected, we noted an increase in the proportion of seawater mitochondrion-rich cells, however, we also identify a reduction of several immune-related cells. Overall, our results provide unrivaled detail of the cellular complexity in the gill and suggest that smoltification triggers unexpected immune reprogramming directly preceding seawater entry.

Microrna Expression and Drug-Induced Changes in Gene Expression Correlate with Ara-C Chemosensitivity in AML Cell Lines

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 3623-3623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha S Bhise ◽  
Vishal Lamba ◽  
Jatinder Lamba
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder, which is characterized by chromosomal abnormalities and genetic alterations. Cytarabine (Ara-C) is the most commonly used nucleoside analog for treatment of AML. However, the use of Ara-C is associated with two important clinical complications namely, inter-patient variability in response and development of intrinsic resistance. The inter-patient variability in response can be partly associated with polymorphisms in proteins that are required for intracellular uptake and activation of Ara-C to its phosphorylated form. Apart from genetic polymorphisms, expression of proteins involved in the uptake, activation, and inactivation of Ara-C have been shown to correlate with the overall patient survival. Over the past decade, various studies have identified microRNAs as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. However, there are no studies till date that have identified key miRNAs involved in regulation of Ara-C pathway genes. Identification of these miRNAs will help in targeting these miRNAs to further understand inter-patient differences in gene expression. Additionally, drugs can also influence gene expression. However, there is critical gap in literature regarding role of Ara-C in inducing changes in gene expression. Understanding the dynamics of gene expression due to miRNAs and drug-induced changes would help open new opportunities for development of improved treatment strategies. Thus, the objective of this study is to understand the role of microRNAs in altering cytarabine cytotoxicity by influencing expression of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) genes (n=18) in AML cell lines representing different risk groups. We evaluated genome-wide miRNA expression in 7 AML cell lines from different risk groups (favorable risk group: Kasumi-1, ME-1; intermediate risk group: AML-193, KG-1; adverse risk group: HL-60, MV-4-11, MOLM-16). We also evaluated the impact of cytarabine-induced gene expression changes in these AML cell lines. The gene expression changes were correlated with the in vitro chemosensitivity. Our preliminary results indicate that there was a significant correlation between the baseline miRNA expression for 16 miRNAs and Ara-C IC50 values (selected shown in Figure 1). We also observed that 57 microRNAs were associated with gene expression levels of the selected 18 Ara-C pharmacogenes (selected shown in Figure 1). Four miRNAs (miR-425-5p, miR-517a-3p, miR-519b-5p+hsa-miR-519c-5p, miR-522-3p) were found to be significantly associated with both gene expression and Ara-C IC50 values. We found that there were significant changes in gene expression of Ara-C pathway genes following treatment with 1uM or 10uM Ara-C. Briefly, there were significant changes in DCK, SLC29A1, CTPS1, CMPK1, NME1 and XRCC1 expression when treated with 10uM Ara-C and RRM2, NME1 and XRCC1 expression when treated with 1uM Ara-C. In conclusion, drug-induced changes in gene expression and miRNAs expression were found to correlate with chemosensitivity of AML cell lines. The preliminary results from our study help provide an insight into potential/additional molecular mechanisms associated with resistance observed in AML patients. Such knowledge is clinically significant, as identification of factors that contribute to the variable drug response would help in understanding and thus improving the variability in efficacy associated with cytarabine therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Global Approaches to the Role of miRNAs in Drug-Induced Changes in Gene Expression

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi E. Eipper-Mains ◽  
Betty A. Eipper ◽  
Richard E. Mains
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals PRIMING OF MICROGLIA ACTIVITY INCREASES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S95-S95
Author(s):  
Tal Frolinger ◽  
Umar Iqbal ◽  
Giulio M Pasinetti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Tlr4 Gene ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract This study investigates the role of microglia activity in stress-induced depression and anxiety and the mechanisms associated with the role of certain microbiome derived anti-inflammatory polyphenols in attenuating stress-induced microglia immune priming and symptoms of depression. We implemented a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm to exhibit priming of microglia innate immunity in the context of the onset of depression and anxiety phenotypes. Mechanistic studies related to prophylactic treatment using dietary microbiome derived polyphenols were also investigated in this model. Depression and anxiety phenotypes, gene expression in microglia and protein expression in the cortex of mice were measured following a primary exposure to short-term unpredictable stress (US) followed by CUS. We examined the long-term, persistent CUS induced changes at 4-weeks of post-stress rest following a secondary US exposure. We found depression phenotypes resulted from US only following exposure to CUS. This was accompanied by an increase and persistent upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), RAGE, and HMGB1 gene expression in isolated cortical microglia. Priming by CUS also amplified gene expression of IL-1β in microglia and protein IL-1β in the cerebral cortex following US re-exposure. Increased activity of NF-kB was also noted in the period following CUS. Furthermore, polyphenol treatment prevented stress-induced phenotypes, upregulation of HMGB1, IL-1B, and TLR4 gene expression, as well as upregulation of IL-1β and NF-kB. The study suggests that latent activity of the TLR4-NFkB-IL1β pathway contributes to immune priming and increases susceptibility to depression-like behaviors. Anti-depressant effects of polyphenols may result from their ability to attenuate microglia priming.

scholarly journals Salt Stress Induces non-CG Methylation in Coding Regions of Barley Seedlings (Hordeum vulgare)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumouni Konate ◽  
Michael J. Wilkinson ◽  
Benjamin T. Mayne ◽  
Stephen M. Pederson ◽  
Eileen S. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Repeat Elements ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Induced Changes

Salinity can negatively impact crop growth and yield. Changes in DNA methylation are known to occur when plants are challenged by stress and have been associated to the regulation of stress-response genes. However, the role of DNA-methylation in moderating gene expression in response to salt stress has been relatively poorly studied among crops such as barley. Here we assess the extent of salt-induced alterations of DNA methylation in barley, and their putative role in perturbed gene expression. Using Next Generation Sequencing, we screened the leaf and root methylomes of five divergent barley varieties grown under control and three salt concentrations, to seek genotype independent salt-induced changes in DNA methylation. Salt stress caused increased methylation in leaves but diminished methylation in roots with a higher number of changes in leaves than in roots, indicating that salt induced changes to global methylation are tissue specific. DMMs were mostly located in close proximity to repeat elements but also 1094 genes, of which many possessed GO terms associated with plant responses to stress. Identified markers identified have potential value as sentinels of salt stress and provide a start point to understand the functional role of DNA methylation in facilitating barley’s response to this stressor.

scholarly journals Salt Stress Induces Non-CG Methylation in Coding Regions of Barley Seedlings (Hordeum vulgare)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumouni Konaté ◽  
Michael J. Wilkinson ◽  
Benjamin T. Mayne ◽  
Stephen M. Pederson ◽  
Eileen S. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Repeat Elements ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Induced Changes

Salinity can negatively impact crop growth and yield. Changes in DNA methylation are known to occur when plants are challenged by stress and have been associated with the regulation of stress-response genes. However, the role of DNA-methylation in moderating gene expression in response to salt stress has been relatively poorly studied among crops such as barley. Here, we assessed the extent of salt-induced alterations of DNA methylation in barley and their putative role in perturbed gene expression. Using Next Generation Sequencing, we screened the leaf and root methylomes of five divergent barley varieties grown under control and three salt concentrations, to seek genotype independent salt-induced changes in DNA methylation. Salt stress caused increased methylation in leaves but diminished methylation in roots with a higher number of changes in leaves than in roots, indicating that salt induced changes to global methylation are organ specific. Differentially Methylated Markers (DMMs) were mostly located in close proximity to repeat elements, but also in 1094 genes, of which many possessed gene ontology (GO) terms associated with plant responses to stress. Identified markers have potential value as sentinels of salt stress and provide a starting point to allow understanding of the functional role of DNA methylation in facilitating barley’s response to this stressor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document