Mutations Affecting Light Regulation of Nuclear Genes Encoding Chloroplast Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis

The coordinated expression of genes distributed between the nuclear and plastid genomes is essential for the assembly of functional chloroplasts. Although the nucleus has a pre–eminent role in controlling chloroplast biogenesis, there is considerable evidence that the expression of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins is regulated by signals from plastids. Perturbation of several plastid–located processes, by inhibitors or in mutants, leads to decreased transcription of a set of nuclear photosynthesis–related genes. Characterization of arabidopsis gun ( genomes uncoupled ) mutants, which express nuclear genes in the presence of norflurazon or lincomycin, has provided evidence for two separate signalling pathways, one involving tetrapyrrole biosynthesis intermediates and the other requiring plastid protein synthesis. In addition, perturbation of photosynthetic electron transfer produces at least two different redox signals, as part of the acclimation to altered light conditions. The recognition of multiple plastid signals requires a reconsideration of the mechanisms of regulation of transcription of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins.

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Arabidopsis SAURs are critical for differential light regulation of the development of various organs

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1604782113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (21) ◽

pp. 6071-6076 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ning Sun ◽

Jiajun Wang ◽

Zhaoxu Gao ◽

Jie Dong ◽

Hang He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Protein Phosphatases ◽

Light Regulation ◽

Differential Regulation ◽

Cell Enlargement ◽

Differential Growth ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Cotyledon Expansion ◽

Mutation Analyses

During deetiolation of Arabidopsis seedlings, light promotes the expansion of cotyledons but inhibits the elongation of hypocotyls. The mechanism of this differential regulation of cell enlargement is unclear. Our organ-specific transcriptomic analysis identified 32 Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) genes whose transcripts were light-induced in cotyledons and/or repressed in hypocotyls. We therefore named these SAURs as lirSAURs. Both overexpression and mutation analyses demonstrated that lirSAURs could promote cotyledon expansion and opening and enhance hypocotyl elongation, possibly by inhibiting phosphatase activity of D-clade type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C-Ds). Light reduced auxin levels to down-regulate the expression of lirSAURs in hypocotyls. Further, phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) were shown to directly bind the genes encoding these SAURs and differentially regulate their expression in cotyledons and hypocotyls. Together, our study demonstrates that light mediates auxin levels and PIF stability to differentially regulate the expression of lirSAURs in cotyledons and hypocotyls, and these lirSAURs further mediate the differential growth of these two organs.

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Nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in yeast

Trends in Biochemical Sciences ◽

10.1016/0968-0004(85)90189-6 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 192-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michael Douglas ◽

Masaharu Takeda

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Genes ◽

Mitochondrial Proteins ◽

Genes Encoding

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Anterograde and Retrograde Regulation of Nuclear Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Proteins during Growth, Development, and Stress

Molecular Plant ◽

10.1093/mp/ssu037 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1075-1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Sophia Ng ◽

Inge De Clercq ◽

Olivier Van Aken ◽

Simon R. Law ◽

Aneta Ivanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Genes ◽

Mitochondrial Proteins ◽

Retrograde Regulation ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Growth Development

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