Symmetry of Physical Laws Part II. Q-Number Theory of Space-Time Inversions and Charge Conjugation

1955 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satosi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Charge Conjugation ◽  
Physical Laws

Relative Locations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Abstract Objects ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical Laws

The fact that physical laws often admit certain kinds of space-time symmetries is often thought to be problematic for substantivalism—the view that space-time is as real as the objects it contains. The most prominent alternative, relationism, avoids these problems but at the cost of giving abstract objects (rather than space-time points) a pivotal role in the fundamental metaphysics. This incurs related problems concerning the relation of the physical to the mathematical. This paper presents a version of substantivalism that respects Leibnizian theses about space-time symmetries, and argues that it is superior to both relationism and the more orthodox form of substantivalism.

Not Observed Ontology

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Avchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Ordinary Space ◽  
Quantum Objects ◽  
Biological Laws ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Real Area

Two narratives – natural science and religious, intersect in the area of ​​unobserv­able ontology – an immaterial, transcendental, but real area that paradoxically exists outside and inside ordinary physical space-time. It is assumed that mathe­matical constructs, physical laws, physical constants, quantum objects, and even biological laws can be associated with this area. It is argued that physical laws are not invented by man, but are discovered, since they contain physical con­stants measured in special experimental works. Universal constants were not invented for reasons of convenience – physics accepts them as an inevitable con­sequence of the coincidence of the results of all special measurements. Observa­tional data are presented that indicate an extremely small change in fundamental constants or even their constancy over the entire time of the existence of the Uni­verse, although this interesting problem cannot be considered finally solved. The ontology of quantum objects is considered within the framework of Seval­nikov's polyiontic paradigm, according to which two modes are distinguished – potential and actual. The potential existence of quantum objects is described by the Schrödinger wave function, and the actual one appears during the transition from the spectrum of possible states to the only observable one. It is emphasized that potential being does not belong to the classical space, but is in an unobserv­able ontology. The observed state, on the contrary, is already in ordinary space – time and can be recorded by the device. This determines the existence of a spe­cial transcendental layer of reality, along with the material, which may indicate a certain duality in the structure of the Universe. Then it should be assumed that our Universe is not a universal, but a multiverse – a set of different worlds onto­logically having a different nature. In addition, the polyiontic paradigm leads to the idea that, at the quantum level, matter can be derived from information hid­den in an unobservable ontology.

Charge conjugation and internal space-time symmetries

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
M. Pavšić ◽  
E. Recami
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Charge Conjugation ◽  
Internal Space

scholarly journals Antimatter Gravity: Second Quantization and Lagrangian Formalism

Physics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-411
Author(s):  
Ulrich D. Jentschura
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Equation ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Charge Conjugation ◽  
Lagrangian Formalism ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Antimatter Gravity ◽  
Quantized Field ◽  
Charge Conjugation Parity

The application of the CPT (charge-conjugation, parity, and time reversal) theorem to an apple falling on Earth leads to the description of an anti-apple falling on anti–Earth (not on Earth). On the microscopic level, the Dirac equation in curved space-time simultaneously describes spin-1/2 particles and their antiparticles coupled to the same curved space-time metric (e.g., the metric describing the gravitational field of the Earth). On the macroscopic level, the electromagnetically and gravitationally coupled Dirac equation therefore describes apples and anti-apples, falling on Earth, simultaneously. A particle-to-antiparticle transformation of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation therefore yields information on the behavior of “anti-apples on Earth”. However, the problem is exacerbated by the fact that the operation of charge conjugation is much more complicated in curved, as opposed to flat, space-time. Our treatment is based on second-quantized field operators and uses the Lagrangian formalism. As an additional helpful result, prerequisite to our calculations, we establish the general form of the Dirac adjoint in curved space-time. On the basis of a theorem, we refute the existence of tiny, but potentially important, particle-antiparticle symmetry breaking terms in which possible existence has been investigated in the literature. Consequences for antimatter gravity experiments are discussed.

Charge conjugation and internal space-time symmetries

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pavšič ◽  
E. Recami
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Charge Conjugation ◽  
Internal Space

scholarly journals QUANTUM FIELD THEORY FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Perinotti
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Hilbert Spaces ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Physical Laws

The mathematical description of quantum systems univocally identies their nature. In other words we treat a system as quantum if we describe its behaviour adopting Hilbert spaces and structures thereof, as prescribed by the postulates of quantum theory. The choice of using quantum systems as the elementary systems of physics can be justied in terms of informational principles, thanks to results of the last decade. Such results come as the conclusion of a research program that lasted almost one century, with the aim of reformulating quantum theory in terms of operational principles. This achievement now poses a new challenge, that we face here. If the systems of quantum theory are thought of as elementary information carriers in the rst place, rather than elementary constituents of matter, and their connections are logical connections within a given algorithm, rather than space-time relations, then we need to nd the origin of mechanical concepts—that characterise quantum mechanics as a theory of physical systems. To this end,we will illustrate howphysical laws can be viewed as algorithms for the update of memory registers that make a physical system. Imposing the characteristic properties of physical laws to such an algorithm, i.e. homogeneity, reversibility and isotropy, we will show that the physical laws thus selected are particular algorithms known as cellular automata. Further assumptions regarding maximal simplicity of the algorithm lead to two cellular automata only, that in a suitable regime can be described by Weyl’s dierential equations, lying at the basis of the dynamics of relativistic quantum elds. We will nally discuss how the same cellular automaton can give rise to both Fermionic eld dynamics and to Maxwell’s equations, that rule the dynamics of the electromagnetic eld. We will conclude reviewing the discussion of the relativity principle, that must be suitably adapted to the scenario where space-time is not an elementary notion, through the denition of a change of inertial reference frame, and whose formulation leads to the recovery of the symmetry of Minkowski space-time, identied with Poincar´e’s group. Space-time thus emerges as one of the manifestations of physical laws, rather than the background where they occur, and its features are determined by the dynamics of systems, necessarily equipped with dierential equations that express it. In brief, there is no space-time unless an evolution rule requires it.

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