scholarly journals Characterization of multilevel quantum coherence without ideal measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Dive ◽  
Nikolaos Koukoulekidis ◽  
Stefanos Mousafeiris ◽  
Florian Mintert
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Coherence

Complete characterization of the spasing (L-L) curve of a three-level quantum coherence enhanced spaser for design optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (20) ◽  
pp. 201108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshitha Kumarapperuma ◽  
Malin Premaratne ◽  
Pankaj K. Jha ◽  
Mark I. Stockman ◽  
Govind P. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Complete Characterization

An Exhaustive Analysis of the Characterization of Photopolymer Material (SZ2080) by Two-Photon Polymerization, Waves Moving in a Periodic Potential, and Two-Photon Absorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 1003 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Walia ◽  
Kamal Nain Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Polymerization Waves ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

This paper presents an Exhaustive Analysis of the Characterization of Photopolymer Material (SZ2080) by Two-Photon Polymerization, and some of the modern concepts like Characterization of Photonic Crystals in Photopolymer SZ2080 by Two-Photon Polymerization, Waves Moving in a Periodic Potential, and Optical Quantum metamaterials. Two-photon polymerization for fabricating three-dimensional subdiffraction-limited structures has been discussed. Experimental and Computed Curves of line thickness (nm) vs feed rate (μm/s) have been technically analyzed. Waves moving in a Periodic Potential and Photonic Crystals have been technically discussed. In addition, Optical Quantum metamaterials have been discussed in terms of quantum coherence, and quantum dots with emphasis on cavity array metamaterial.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of new impurities in obeticholic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 522-530
Author(s):  
Wei-Dong Feng ◽  
Song-Ming Zhuo ◽  
Fu-Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multiple Bond ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Obeticholic Acid ◽  
Overhauser Effect ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Novel and efficient synthetic strategies are developed for the first synthesis of two new impurities found in obeticholic acid. The synthetic routes to the impurities are designed without column purification using 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride as a selective protecting group. The impurities, which are obtained in good yields and high purity, are identified and characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (Correlated Spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum coherence, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, and rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy) techniques.

scholarly journals Coherent preorder of quantum states

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13&14) ◽  
pp. 1124-1137
Author(s):  
Zhaofang Bai ◽  
Shuanping Shuanping Du
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Mixed States ◽  
Quantum Hypothesis ◽  
Quantum Hypothesis Testing

As an important quantum resource, quantum coherence play key role in quantum information processing. It is often concerned with manipulation of families of quantum states rather than individual states in isolation. Given two pairs of coherent states $(\rho_1,\rho_2)$ and $(\sigma_1,\sigma_2)$, we are aimed to study how can we determine if there exists a strictly incoherent operation $\Phi$ such that $\Phi(\rho_i) =\sigma_i,i = 1,2$. This is also a classic question in quantum hypothesis testing. In this note, structural characterization of coherent preorder under strongly incoherent operations is provided. Basing on the characterization, we propose an approach to realize coherence distillation from rank-two mixed coherent states to $q$-level maximally coherent states. In addition, one scheme of coherence manipulation between rank-two mixed states is also presented.

scholarly journals Isolation of an isoflavonoid and a terpenoid from the heartwood of Baphia nitida Lodd. (camwood)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Gloria Ihuoma Ndukwe ◽  
Amarachi Oluah ◽  
Godswill Kuta Fekarurhobo
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractChromatographic separation of methanolic extract of Baphia nitida heartwood gave two crystalline solids characterized as 3,9-dimethoxy-6aR,11aR-dihydro-6H-benzofuro(3,2-C)[1]benzopyran (also known as homopterocarpin) with molecular formula C17H16O4 (1.57% yield) and 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde C9H10O3 (2.27% yield). Each of the isolated compounds showed a single spot on developed thin layer chromatographic plate under ultra-violet light (254 nm) and spray reagent (10% sulfuric acid in methanol solution). Structural elucidation was achieved using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, one and two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer-edited-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (DEPT-ed-HSQC) was also a useful tool that aided the characterization of the two secondary metabolites isolated from Baphia nitida heartwood.

Fractionation and characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of Eucalyptus globulus in residues left after MWL isolation. Part II: Analyses of xylan-lignin fraction (X-L)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Miyagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kamitakahara ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
Carbohydrate Complex ◽  
Acetic Acid Lignin

Abstract The residual wood meal left after milled wood lignin (MWL) isolation [milled wood residue (MWR)] of 5-year-old Eucalyptus globulus was fractionated to afford a xylan-lignin fraction (X-L) in 2.9% yield (based on MWR) by the method reported previously. X-L was further fractionated with the lignin solvent 1,4-dioxane/water (9:1, v/v) to give a soluble fraction (XL-F1; 24.0%) and an insoluble fraction (XL-F1-residue; 74.6%; both yields based on X-L). XL-F1-residue was further extracted with the good xylan solvent dimethyl sulfoxide and the soluble fraction was termed XL-F2 (43.0%; based on the XL-F1-residue). XL-F1 was mainly composed of lignin with a small amount of xylan and it is similar to purified MWL, whereas XL-F2 was mainly composed of xylan with some amount of lignin and it is similar to a fraction that was prepared by the extraction of crude MWL with acetic acid [lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC)-AcOH]. The two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of XL-F1 and XL-F2 were interpreted that the former has α-ether-type lignin-carbohydrate (LC) linkages and the latter might have LC linkages of the phenyl glycoside type, which are different from those in LCC-AcOH.

Quantitative structural characterization of the lignins from the stem and pith of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Long Wen ◽  
Shao-Long Sun ◽  
Bai-Liang Xue ◽  
Run-Cang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence ◽  
Single Quantum ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Diaryl Ethers ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
C Nmr

Abstract Milled wood lignins (MWL) were isolated from the stem (MWLS) and pith (MWLP) of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). The nonacetylated and acetylated bamboo MWLs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared, quantitative 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The MWL consists of p-hydroxyphenyl (1–2%), guaiacyl (21–31%), and syringyl (67–78%) units associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. A modified quantitative 13C-NMR and 2D-HSQC analysis has demonstrated that the predominant intermonomeric linkages are of the type β-O-4 (45–49 per 100 C9 units, i.e., per C900) along with small amounts of other structural units such as resinols (3.6–7.4 per C900), tetrahydrofuran (2.0–2.3 per C900), phenylcoumaran (2.8–4.5 per C900), spirodienones (1.3–2.3 per C900), and α,β-diaryl ethers (2.8–2.9 per C900). MWLP contained more p-coumarates than MWLS. The various degrees of γ-acylation (17–27%) were positively associated with S/G ratios in the lignins; however, γ-acylation was inversely correlated to the ratio between β-β and β-O-4 side chains in these lignin fractions. Moreover, a flavonoid compound (tricin) was also detected in the MWLS but not in MWLP. The two MWLs are very similar in terms of molecular weights and the contents of OHphen and OHaliph.

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