Optical Detection of Microwave Transitions in Electronically Excited CN Produced by a Chemical Reaction

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Barger ◽  
H. P. Broida ◽  
A. J. Estin ◽  
H. E. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Optical Detection ◽  
Electronically Excited

Chemical reaction within the electronically excited B(2s22D)–H2 complex

1997 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 287-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dagdigian ◽  
Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Electronically Excited

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Chemiluminescence: Reactions, Mechanisms and Challenges

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7664
Author(s):  
Marina A. Tzani ◽  
Dimitra K. Gioftsidou ◽  
Michael G. Kallitsakis ◽  
Nikolaos V. Pliatsios ◽  
Natasa P. Kalogiouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Electronically Excited State ◽  
Electronically Excited

Emission of light by matter can occur through a variety of mechanisms. When it results from an electronically excited state of a species produced by a chemical reaction, it is called chemiluminescence (CL). The phenomenon can take place both in natural and artificial chemical systems and it has been utilized in a variety of applications. In this review, we aim to revisit some of the latest CL applications based on direct and indirect production modes. The characteristics of the chemical reactions and the underpinning CL mechanisms are thoroughly discussed in view of studies from the very recent bibliography. Different methodologies aiming at higher CL efficiencies are summarized and presented in detail, including CL type and scaffolds used in each study. The CL role in the development of efficient therapeutic platforms is also discussed in relation to the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and singlet oxygen (1O2) produced, as final products. Moreover, recent research results from our team are included regarding the behavior of commonly used photosensitizers upon chemical activation under CL conditions. The CL prospects in imaging, biomimetic organic and radical chemistry, and therapeutics are critically presented in respect to the persisting challenges and limitations of the existing strategies to date.

Directional observation on lipid of male nectary of Lindera megaphylla hemsl. by the rapid embedding method with polyethylene glycol (PEG)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
Dai Dalin ◽  
Guo Jianmin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
New Methods

Lipid cytochemistry has not yet advanced far at the EM level. A major problem has been the loss of lipid during dehydration and embedding. Although the adoption of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide accelerate the chemical reaction of lipid and osmium tetroxide can react on the double bouds of unsaturated lipid to from the osmium black, osmium tetroxide can be reduced in saturated lipid and subsequently some of unsaturated lipid are lost during dehydration. In order to reduce the loss of lipid by traditional method, some researchers adopted a few new methods, such as the change of embedding procedure and the adoption of new embedding media, to solve the problem. In a sense, these new methods are effective. They, however, usually require a long period of preparation. In this paper, we do research on the fiora nectary strucure of lauraceae by the rapid-embedding method wwith PEG under electron microscope and attempt to find a better method to solve the problem mentioned above.

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