scholarly journals New Electrorheological Fluid: Theory and Experiment

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 2987-2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Yim Tam ◽  
Guang Hua Yi ◽  
Weijia Wen ◽  
Hongru Ma ◽  
M. M. T. Loy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrorheological Fluid ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Theory And Experiment

Waterhammer in Non-Rigid Pipes: Precursor Waves and Mechanical Damping

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Viscous Damping ◽  
Flexural Waves ◽  
Strain Waves ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Mechanical Damping ◽  
Theory And Experiment

When a pipe can move, waterhammer effects are altered by the existence of precursor waves, i.e. longitudinal elastic strain waves in the pipe walls, modified by the presence of the fluid. Theory and experiment show that precursor waves cannot be ignored, if the effect of longitudinal strain is to be considered; conventional waterhammer theory is thus unsatisfactory. Flexural waves may also occur. It was found experimentally that pipe motion caused mechanical damping of the waterhammer–greater than the viscous damping. Viscoelastic piping also gave rise to strong mechanical damping, even without pipe motion.

A theory of anisotropic fluids

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tensor ◽  
Symmetric Tensor ◽  
Deformation Tensor ◽  
Anisotropic Fluid ◽  
Stress Components ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Anisotropic Fluids ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Theory And Experiment ◽  
Good Agreement

A theory is proposed in which the stress tensor is a function of the components of the rate of deformation tensor and a symmetric tensor describing the microscopic structure of a fluid. The expression for the stress tensor can be written in closed form using results from the Hamilton-Cayley theorem. This theory is shown to contain Prager's theory of dumbbell suspensions as a special case. By limiting the type of terms in the constitutive equations, various stress components can be evaluated for simple shear. These exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour typical of certain higher polymer solutions.Some of the results of the anisotropic fluid theory are compared with experimental measurements of normal stress and apparent viscosity. Certain high polymers in solution show good agreement between theory and experiment, at least for low enough values of the rate of shear.

scholarly journals On the Mechanism of Cavitation Damage by Nonhemispherical Cavities Collapsing in Contact With a Solid Boundary

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charl F. Naude´ ◽  
Albert T. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Solid Boundary ◽  
Cavity Volume ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Cavitation Damage ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Symmetric Cavity ◽  
Theory And Experiment ◽  
Collapse Process

A perfect fluid theory, which neglects the effect of gravity, and which assumes that the pressure inside a cavitation bubble remains constant during the collapse process, is given for the case of a nonhemispherical, but axially symmetric cavity which collapses in contact with a solid boundary. The theory suggests the possibility that such a cavity may deform to the extent that its wall strikes the solid boundary before minimum cavity volume is reached. High-speed motion pictures of cavities generated by spark methods are used to test the theory experimentally. Agreement between theory and experiment is good for the range of experimental cavities considered, and the phenomenon of the cavity wall striking the solid boundary does indeed occur. Studies of damage by cavities of this type on soft aluminum samples reveals that pressures caused by the cavity wall striking the bounda y are higher than those resulting from a compression of gases inside the cavity, and are responsible for the damage.

scholarly journals Interfacial deflection and jetting of a paramagnetic particle-laden fluid: theory and experiment

Soft Matter ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (35) ◽  
pp. 8600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott S. H. Tsai ◽  
Ian M. Griffiths ◽  
Zhenzhen Li ◽  
Pilnam Kim ◽  
Howard A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Paramagnetic Particle ◽  
Fluid Theory ◽  
Theory And Experiment

Electrostatic optics and aberration correction in the 1940s and today

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Gertrude F. Rempfer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Electrostatic Lenses ◽  
Commercial Instrument ◽  
The University ◽  
Theory And Experiment

I became involved in electron optics in early 1945, when my husband Robert and I were hired by the Farrand Optical Company. My husband had a mathematics Ph.D.; my degree was in physics. My main responsibilities were connected with the development of an electrostatic electron microscope. Fortunately, my thesis research on thermionic and field emission, in the late 1930s under the direction of Professor Joseph E. Henderson at the University of Washington, provided a foundation for dealing with electron beams, high vacuum, and high voltage.At the Farrand Company my co-workers and I used an electron-optical bench to carry out an extensive series of tests on three-electrode electrostatic lenses, as a function of geometrical and voltage parameters. Our studies enabled us to select optimum designs for the lenses in the electron microscope. We early on discovered that, in general, electron lenses are not “thin” lenses, and that aberrations of focal point and aberrations of focal length are not the same. I found electron optics to be an intriguing blend of theory and experiment. A laboratory version of the electron microscope was built and tested, and a report was given at the December 1947 EMSA meeting. The micrograph in fig. 1 is one of several which were presented at the meeting. This micrograph also appeared on the cover of the January 1949 issue of Journal of Applied Physics. These were exciting times in electron microscopy; it seemed that almost everything that happened was new. Our opportunities to publish were limited to patents because Mr. Farrand envisaged a commercial instrument. Regrettably, a commercial version of our laboratory microscope was not produced.

Electronic properties of TTF-TCNQ : a connection between theory and experiment

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Caron ◽  
M. Miljak ◽  
D. Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Theory And Experiment

Multineuronal structures: theory and experiment.

1986 ◽  
Vol 150 (10) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
V.L. Dunin-Barkovskii
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Experiment
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