Confinement of Charged Particles by Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space

1960 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Haaland
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Charged Particles

Determination of the velocity of short electromagnetic waves by interferometry

1952 ◽  
Vol 213 (1112) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Wave Beam ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Space Wave

A new measurement of the velocity of electromagnetic radiation is described. The result has been obtained, using micro-waves at a frequency of 24005 Mc/s ( λ = 1∙25 cm), with a form of interferometer which enables the free-space wave-length to be evaluated. Since the micro-wave frequency can also be ascertained, phase velocity is calculated from the product of frequency and wave-length. The most important aspect of the experiment is the application to the measured wave-length of a correction which arises from diffraction of the micro-wave beam. This correction is new to interferometry and is discussed in detail. The result obtained for the velocity, reduced to vacuum conditions, is c 0 = 299792∙6 ± 0∙7 km/s.

Influence of Electron and Ion Pressure Near the Lower Hybrid Resonance

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-938
Author(s):  
R. Babu ◽  
B. Lammers ◽  
H. Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Lower Hybrid ◽  
Plasma Cylinder ◽  
Electron Collisions ◽  
Hybrid Resonance ◽  
Radial Extent ◽  
Lower Hybrid Resonance

Abstract Near the lower hybrid resonance the power transfer from electromagnetic waves to a plasma cylinder is calculated with the inclusion of electron and ion pressures. Ion-electron collisions are accounted for in addition to the collisions of charged particles with neutrals. Drastic deviations from calculations neglecting the pressure effects occur for plasmas of low electron density and/or small radial extent. Different ranges of a specific ratio comparing the influence of collision with that of pressure terms are investigated.

scholarly journals Beam generations of three kinds of charged particles

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Niu ◽  
P. Mulser ◽  
L. Drska
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Damping Force

Analyses are given for beam generations of three kinds of charged particles: electrons, light ions, and heavy ions. The electron beam oscillates in a dense plasma irradiated by a strong laser light. When the frequency of laser light is high and its intensity is large, the acceleration of oscillating electrons becomes large and the electrons radiate electromagnetic waves. As the reaction, the electrons feel a damping force, whose effect on oscillating electron motion is investigated first. Second, the electron beam induces the strong electromagnetic field by its self-induced electric current density when the electron number density is high. The induced electric field reduces the oscillation motion and deforms the beam.In the case of a light ion beam, the electrostatic field, induced by the beam charge, as well as the electromagnetic field, induced by the beam current, affects the beam motion. The total energy of the magnetic field surrounding the beam is rather small in comparison with its kinetic energy.In the case of heavy ion beams the beam charge at the leading edge is much smaller in comparison with the case of light ion beams when the heavy ion beam propagates in the background plasma. Thus, the induced electrostatic and electromagnetic fields do not much affect the beam propagation.

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