Measurement of the Muonic X-Ray Cascade in Metallic Iron

1976 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Hartmann ◽  
T. von Egidy ◽  
R. Bergmann ◽  
M. Kleber ◽  
H. -J. Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Iron ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals From atoms to electrodes: Mesoscale effects in electrochemical conversion

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1173-C1173
Author(s):  
Kamila Wiaderek ◽  
Olaf Borkiewicz ◽  
Nathalie Pereira ◽  
Jan Ilavsky ◽  
Glenn Amatucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Nanoscale Structure ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Identical Product

Batteries are complex multicomponent devices wherein mesoscale phenomena–the nanoscale structure and chemistry of different components, and interactions thereof–drive functionality and performance. For example, electron/ion transport within the composite electrodes relies on bi-continuous nanostructuring to form electrically and ionicly conductive paths. Electrochemical conversion of different salts of a given metal yields a common and ostensibly identical product: the zero valent metal. For example, maximal lithiation of iron-based electrodes produces metallic iron nanoparticles for oxide, fluoride, and oxyfluoride electrodes alike. Accordingly, these provide an opportunity to explore the coupling of nanostructure development and anion chemistry, and correlate these with electrochemical performance. We combine synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and pair distribution function (PDF) measurements to probe metallic iron formed by electrochemical conversion of different iron compounds across multiple length-scales and decouple the influence of anion chemistry and reaction temperature on the atomic structure and nanoscale morphology.

Spin waves in metallic iron and nickel measured by soft x-ray resonant inelastic scattering

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Brookes ◽  
D. Betto ◽  
K. Cao ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
K. Kummer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Spin Waves ◽  
X Ray

Ternary transition metal gallides with TiNiSi, ZrBeSi and MgZn2-type structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Heletta ◽  
Theresa Block ◽  
Steffen Klenner ◽  
Rainer Pöttgen
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Laves Phase ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Equiatomic Composition ◽  
Laves Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting

AbstractA series of ternary transition metal gallides around the equiatomic composition have been synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and subsequent annealing. The compounds crystallize with site occupancy variants of the hexagonal Laves phase MgZn2, with the hexagonal ZrBeSi or the orthorhombic TiNiSi type. All samples have been characterized on the basis of their lattice parameters, determined by X-ray powder diffraction (Guinier technique). The structures of NbCr1.58Ga0.42 and NbFe1.51Ga0.49 (MgZn2 type, P63/mmc), NbRhGa (ZrBeSi type, P63/mmc), and ScNiGa, ScPtGa and ScAuGa (TiNiSi type, Pnma) were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The ScPtGa and ScAuGa crystals showed trilling formation. Mixed site occupancies were only observed in the Laves phases while all other crystals were well ordered. A striking structural motif of NbRhGa is the formation of niobium chains (264 pm Nb–Nb) along the c axis. Several gallides were magnetically characterized. They are Pauli paramagnets. The two crystallographically independent iron sites in the Laves phase TaFeGa could be distinguished in the 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum. The isomer shifts of 0.06(3) (Fe1) and –0.02(3) (Fe2) mm s−1 indicate metallic iron.

Experimental Study of NO Reduction by Iron in CO Atmosphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2138-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Xin Su ◽  
A Long Su ◽  
Hao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

This paper presents the results of reduction of nitric oxide, NO, by metallic iron in a one-dimensional electrically heated ceramic tubular reactor in the temperature range of 300 °C to 1200 °C with simulated flue gas of 0.05% NO in N2 base. Several sizes of iron mesh rolls were used as iron samples and were placed in the centre of the reactor. The effect of CO on NO reduction was examined by introducing 0.1% CO into the flue gas. Effluent NO was measured as a function of temperature by online gas analyzer. The chemical changes of the iron samples after the reaction were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Results showed that iron mesh roll was very effective to reduce NO to N2. When the temperature was higher than 900°C, the NO reduction efficiency was observed to exceed 90% for all the mesh rolls used. Fe2O3 was formed at the surface of the iron mesh. The presence of CO increased the NO reduction efficiency by reducing the iron oxide, mainly Fe2O3, to metallic iron.

Characterisation of Reduction of Iron Ore with Carbonaceous Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. Najmi ◽  
Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos ◽  
Norinsan Kamil Othman ◽  
Muhammad Asri Idris
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Stepwise Reduction

An investigation on the reduction of iron ore with carbonaceous material as a reductant was carried out at 1550°C. Iron ore was mixed with biochar from palm shell and coke as a reference at C/O molar ratio of 1.0. Characterisation of raw materials was performed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier Transmittance Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX). The samples after reduction were characterised to study the phase transformation and structural properties. The XRD results revealed the iron ore contained hematite as its main composition. After reduction at high temperature, the hematite has been successfully reduced to metallic iron using biochar as a reductant. It was found that the reaction proceeded in a stepwise reduction of iron oxide. The SEM micrographs proved the formation of metallic iron in the sample after reduction at 1550°C. Through characterisation, the biochar from palm shell has physical properties suitable to be an alternative carbon reductant to replace coke.

Studies of Fe Metal Carburization by Carbon Monoxide Using XRD and TPR Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 524-528
Author(s):  
Norliza Dzakaria ◽  
Fairous Salleh ◽  
Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin ◽  
Alinda Samsuri ◽  
Azizul Hakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Iron Carbide ◽  
Temperature Programmed Reduction ◽  
Amorphous Form ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Programmed

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of carburization of metallic Fe by (20%,v/v) carbon monoxide (CO). Carburization of Fe by carbon monoxide was examined by using temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-Ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur (CHNS) technique. Based on a thermodynamic calculation, the free energy Gibb’s value to produce carbon is-8.08 kcal/mol which are favorable. However, production of iron carbide from the same reaction, the free energy Gibb’s value is +9.24 kcal/mol which is not feasible. From the XRD results, shows that after carburization of Fe, the peak appears only for Fe but there is a broad peak between 20 – 30°. The peak might be indicated as carbon in amorphous form. This finding is supported by the percent of carbon content in CHNS analysis which are increasing when the temperature is increased. This shows that after carburization the carbon content is increasing with increasing in temperature due to carbon deposited on metallic iron. In this research, three different temperatures were used which are 300°C, 500°C and 700°C.

Combination of multi-scale and multi-edge X-ray spectroscopy for investigating the products obtained from the interaction between kaolinite and metallic iron in anoxic conditions at 90 °C

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Rivard ◽  
Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier ◽  
Delphine Vantelon ◽  
Manuel Pelletier ◽  
Chithra Karunakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multi Scale

The Reduction Behaviour of Cerium Doped Iron Oxide in Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin ◽  
Alinda Samsuri ◽  
Fairous Salleh ◽  
Rizafizah Othaman ◽  
Mohammad Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Temperature Programmed Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The reduction behaviour of 3% cerium doped (Ce-Fe2O3) and undoped iron oxide (Fe2O3) by hydrogen in nitrogen (10%,v/v) and carbon monoxide in nitrogen (10%,v/v) atmospheres have been investigate by temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The phases formed of partially and completely reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). TPR results indicate that the reduction of Ce doped and undoped iron oxide in both reductants proceed in three steps reduction (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe) with Fe3O4 and FeO were the intermediate. TPR results also suggested that by adding Ce metal into iron oxide the reduction to metallic Fe by using both reductant gaseous give better reducibility compare to the undoped Fe2O3. The reduction process of Ce and undoped Fe2O3 become faster when CO was used as a reductant instead of H2. Furthermore, in CO atmosphere, Ce-Fe2O3 give complete reduction to metallic iron at 700 0C which about 200 0C temperature lower than other samples. Meanwhile, XRD analysis indicated that Ce doped iron oxide composed better crystallite phases of Fe2O3 with higher intensity and a small amount of FeCe2O4.

Industry Test on Phosphorus Removal and Direct Reduction of High-Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite Ore

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li Li ◽  
Ti Chang Sun ◽  
Jue Kou ◽  
Cheng Yan Xu ◽  
Zhan Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Reduction Roasting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Hematite Ore ◽  
Iron Grade ◽  
Oolitic Hematite Ore

Industry test on phosphorus removal and direct reduction of the “Ningxiang type” high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore has been carried out in a tunnel kiln on the basis of laboratory experiment. The iron grade and phosphorus content of the initial sample are 42.46% and 0.867%, respectively. The results showed that high-phosphorus oolitic hematite could be exploited on industrial scale, with the new process direct reduction roasting – grinding – magnetic separation, and that the final concentrate with an iron grade 92.56%, iron recovery 82.77% and phosphorus content 0.089% was obtained under the optimal conditions. Besides, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope with X-ray energy dispersive spectrum (SEM-EDS) were used to analysis the mechanism of phosphorus removal and direct reduction. It was shown that oolitic structure was destroyed, and metallic iron particle coarsening was obvious, besides fluorapatite particles were dispersed in the gangue by diffusion during the reduction roasting process. The liberation of metallic iron and gangue can be achieved by grinding, so high iron grade and low phosphorus content concentrate can be obtained after magnetic separation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document