Ionization of the Upper Atmosphere by Low-Energy Charged Particles from a Solar Flare

1959 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Leinbach ◽  
George C. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Upper Atmosphere

Response of the upper atmosphere to irradiance increase after the solar flare on 6 September 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Pikulina ◽  
Irina Mironova ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Timofei Sukhodolov ◽  
Arseniy A. Karagodin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Upper Atmosphere

scholarly journals The emission of the negative system of nitrogen from the upper atmosphere and the significance of the twilight flash in the theory of the ionosphere

1949 ◽  
Vol 196 (1047) ◽  
pp. 562-591 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probability ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Ionization Mechanisms ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Negative Band ◽  
Resonance Emission ◽  
Excitation Mechanisms

The cause of the emission of the negative band system of nitrogen from the upper atmosphere during twilight is investigated. A study is made of the two possible excitation mechanisms, N 2 ( X 1 Ʃ g + ) + hv →N 2 + ( B 2 Ʃ u + ) + e and N 2 + ( X 2 Ʃ g + ) + hv →N 2 + ( B 2 Ʃ u + ). It is shown that the latter is far more effective than the former, irrespective of the assumptions adopted regarding the solar flux in the unobservable spectral region. From the transition probability associated with it (which is evaluated in the appendix) combined with various intensity estimates, an upper limit is obtained for the number of N 2 + ions normally present in the E and F layers during twilight. It appears that N 2 + ions form but a minute fraction of the total ion content. The significance of this in the theory of the formation of the ionized layers is discussed. The simplest interpretation is that ionization of molecular nitrogen is unimportant; and a reasonable scheme that invokes only the ionization of oxygen atoms and molecules is available. However, by introducing certain arbitrary assumptions a more elaborate interpretation is conceivable so that the view that the E layer arises from the action of high-energy coronal photons, which ionize all atmospheric constituents, cannot be finally rejected. Various aspects of the layers are discussed, and observational and experimental work, which might yield evidence on the ionization mechanisms operative, is suggested. It is pointed out that the remarkable rarity of N 2 + ions proves conclusively that recombination between the charged particles present in the ionosphere cannot be the origin of the nocturnal radiation of the nitrogen band systems. On some occasions the resonance emission at twilight is of unusually high intensity. It is presumed that this is due to incident charged particles increasing the concentration of N 2 + ions. The possible contribution that these charged particles may make to the night-sky light by direct excitation collisions is briefly examined. Sunlit aurorae (which are essentially similar to the twilight flash) are also discussed.

Influence of time-variable solar wind on the response of Mercury’s magnetosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Aizawa ◽  
Nicolas André ◽  
Ronan Modolo ◽  
Elisabeth Werner ◽  
Jim Slavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Plasma Measurement ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p><span lang="EN-GB">BepiColombo is going to conduct its first Mercury flyby in October 2021. During this flyby,  plasma measurement will be obtained and bring new insights on the Hermean magnetosphere and its interaction with the Sun despite the limited field of view of the instruments during the cruise phase. Unlike Mariner-10 ion measurements will be obtained, and unlike MESSENGER, low energy electrons and ions will be measured simultaneously. In this study, we have revisited Mariner 10 and MESSENGER observations with the help of the global hybrid model LatHyS in order to understand the influence of time-variable solar wind and to constraint the plasma environment. We are able to reproduce the magnetic field observations of Mariner 10 along its trajectory with in particular two distinct signatures consisting of a quiet and disturbed state of the magnetosphere. In addition, the plasma spectrogram is also collected in the model and this enables us to detail the properties of the charged particles observed during the flyby. We will discuss all these signatures both in term of an interaction with a time-variable solar wind and localized processes occurring in the magnetosphere. We will then present the virtual sampling of both the magnetic field and plasma spectrogram along BepiColombo’s first Mercury flyby trajectory and discuss the possible signatures to be observed at that time.</span></p>

Initial Observations of Low Energy Charged Particles near the Earth’s Bow Shock on ISEE-1

1979 ◽  
pp. 587-595
Author(s):  
F. M. Ipavich ◽  
G. Gloeckler ◽  
C. Y. Fan ◽  
L. A. Fisk ◽  
D. Hovestadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Earth’S Bow Shock

Acceleration, Containment, and Emission of Very Low Energy Solar Flare Particles

1974 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Lin ◽  
R. E. McGuire ◽  
K. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Low Energy

Development of a new rectangular NaI(Tl) scintillator and spectroscopy of low-energy charged particles

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 013104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehito Nakamura ◽  
Hisashi Kitamura ◽  
Ryuta Hazama
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Low Energy

Acceleration of low energy charged particles by gravitational waves

2006 ◽  
Vol 352 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Voyatzis ◽  
L. Vlahos ◽  
S. Ichtiaroglou ◽  
D. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Low Energy
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