Gravitational instability due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in a Hele-Shaw cell

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vreme ◽  
F. Nadal ◽  
B. Pouligny ◽  
P. Jeandet ◽  
G. Liger-Belair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

Gravitational instability of miscible fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell and chemical reaction

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR6) ◽  
pp. Pr6-99-Pr6-106
Author(s):  
J. Martin ◽  
N. Rakotomalala ◽  
D. Salin ◽  
M. Böckmann ◽  
S. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Miscible Fluids ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

Gravitational instability of miscible fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 902-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martin ◽  
N. Rakotomalala ◽  
D. Salin
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Miscible Fluids ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

A flow-front instability in viscous gravity currents

1998 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
DON SNYDER ◽  
STEPHEN TAIT
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Gravity Current ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Gravity Currents ◽  
Ambient Fluid ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Dense Fluid ◽  
Unstable Layer ◽  
Gravitational Mechanism ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

We describe an instability that appears at the front of laminar gravity currents as they intrude into a viscous, miscible ambient fluid. The instability causes a current to segment into fingers aligned with its direction of flow. In the case of currents flowing along a rigid floor into a less dense fluid, the case of primary interest here, two mechanisms can produce this instability. The first is gravitational and arises because the nose of the gravity current is elevated above the floor and overrides a buoyantly unstable layer of ambient liquid. The second is a form of viscous fingering analogous to a Saffman–Taylor instability in a Hele-Shaw cell. Whereas the ambient fluid must be more viscous than the current in order for the latter instability to occur, the gravitational instability can occur even if the ambient fluid is less viscous, as long as it is viscous enough to elevate the nose of the current and trap a layer of ambient fluid. For the gravitational mechanism, which is most important when the current and ambient fluids have comparable viscosities, the wavelength when the instability first appears is proportional to a length scale constructed with the viscosity, the flux and the buoyancy. The Saffman–Taylor-type mechanism is most important when the ambient liquid is much more viscous than the current. We have carried out experiments with miscible fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell that show that, at the onset of instability, the ratio of the finger wavelength to the cell width is a constant approximately equal to 2. This result is explained by using the principle that the flow tends to minimize the dissipation associated with the finger perturbation. For the gravity currents with high viscosity ratios, the ratio of the wavelength to the current thickness is also a constant of about 2, apparently consistent with the same mechanism. But, further analysis of this instability mechanism is required in order to assess its role in wavelength selection for gravity currents.

Electron Cytochemical Study of Carbon Dioxide Laser Effect on Rhesus Monkey Cornea

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
K. C. Tsou ◽  
J. Morris ◽  
P. Shawaluk ◽  
B. Stuck ◽  
E. Beatrice
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Laser Effect

While much is known regarding the effect of lasers on the retina, little study has been done on the effect of lasers on cornea, because of the limitation of the size of the material. Using a combination of electron microscope and several newly developed cytochemical methods, the effect of laser can now be studied on eye for the purpose of correlating functional and morphological damage. The present paper illustrates such study with CO2 laser on Rhesus monkey.

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

A global perspective of ground level, 'ambient' carbon dioxide for assessing the response of plants to atmospheric CO2

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Ziska ◽  
O. Ghannoum ◽  
J. T. Baker ◽  
J. Conroy ◽  
J. A. Bunce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Atmospheric Co2

964: Direct Visualization of Renal Hemodyanamics Affected by Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
Naoto Sassa ◽  
Ryohei Hattori ◽  
Yoshinari Ono ◽  
Tokunori Yamamoto ◽  
Momokazu Gotoh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum
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