scholarly journals Selecting models of first-order phase transitions using the synergy between collider and gravitational-wave experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Hashino ◽  
Ryusuke Jinno ◽  
Mitsuru Kakizaki ◽  
Shinya Kanemura ◽  
Tomo Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

scholarly journals Dark confinement and chiral phase transitions: gravitational waves vs matter representations

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Reichert ◽  
Francesco Sannino ◽  
Zhi-Wei Wang ◽  
Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract We study the gravitational-wave signal stemming from strongly coupled models featuring both, dark chiral and confinement phase transitions. We therefore identify strongly coupled theories that can feature a first-order phase transition. Employing the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we focus our attention on SU(3) Yang-Mills theories featuring fermions in fundamental, adjoint, and two-index symmetric representations. We discover that for the gravitational-wave signals analysis, there are significant differences between the various representations. Interestingly we also observe that the two-index symmetric representation leads to the strongest first-order phase transition and therefore to a higher chance of being detected by the Big Bang Observer experiment. Our study of the confinement and chiral phase transitions is further applicable to extensions of the Standard Model featuring composite dynamics.

scholarly journals Effect of density fluctuations on gravitational wave production in first-order phase transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
pp. 019
Author(s):  
Ryusuke Jinno ◽  
Thomas Konstandin ◽  
Henrique Rubira ◽  
Jorinde van de Vis
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
First Order ◽  
Density Perturbations ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract We study the effect of density perturbations on the process of first-order phase transitions and gravitational wave production in the early Universe. We are mainly interested in how the distribution of nucleated bubbles is affected by fluctuations in the local temperature. We find that large-scale density fluctuations (H * < k * < β) result in a larger effective bubble size at the time of collision, enhancing the produced amplitude of gravitational waves. The amplitude of the density fluctuations necessary for this enhancement is 𝒫ζ (k *) ≳ (β/H *)-2, and therefore the gravitational wave signal from first-order phase transitions with relatively large β/H * can be significantly enhanced by this mechanism even for fluctuations with moderate amplitudes.

scholarly journals Phase transitions in the early universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hindmarsh ◽  
Marvin Lüben ◽  
Johannes Lumma ◽  
Martin Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
First Order Phase

These lecture notes are based on a course given by Mark Hindmarsh at the 24th Saalburg Summer School 2018 and written up by Marvin Lüben, Johannes Lumma and Martin Pauly. The aim is to provide the necessary basics to understand first-order phase transitions in the early universe, to outline how they leave imprints in gravitational waves, and advertise how those gravitational waves could be detected in the future. A first-order phase transition at the electroweak scale is a prediction of many theories beyond the Standard Model, and is also motivated as an ingredient of some theories attempting to provide an explanation for the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our Universe. Starting from bosonic and fermionic statistics, we derive Boltzmann's equation and generalise to a fluid of particles with field dependent mass. We introduce the thermal effective potential for the field in its lowest order approximation, discuss the transition to the Higgs phase in the Standard Model and beyond, and compute the probability for the field to cross a potential barrier. After these preliminaries, we provide a hydrodynamical description of first-order phase transitions as it is appropriate for describing the early Universe. We thereby discuss the key quantities characterising a phase transition, and how they are imprinted in the gravitational wave power spectrum that might be detectable by the space-based gravitational wave detector LISA in the 2030s.

scholarly journals Electric properties of olive oil under pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Pawlicki ◽  
R. M. Siegoczyński ◽  
S. Ptasznik ◽  
K. Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
First Order ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Capacitive Reactance ◽  
First Order Phase

AbstractThe main purpose of the experiment was a thermodynamic research with use of the electric methods chosen. The substance examined was olive oil. The paper presents the resistance, capacitive reactance, relative permittivity and resistivity of olive. Compression was applied with two mean velocities up to 450 MPa. The results were shown as functions of pressure and time and depicted on the impedance phase diagram. The three first order phase transitions have been detected. All the changes in material parameters were observed during phase transitions. The material parameters measured turned out to be the much more sensitive long-time phase transition factors than temperature. The values of material parameters and their dependence on pressure and time were compared with the molecular structure, arrangement of molecules and interactions between them. Knowledge about olive oil parameters change with pressure and its phase transitions is very important for olive oil production and conservation.

scholarly journals Fate of false vacua in holographic first-order phase transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bigazzi ◽  
Alessio Caddeo ◽  
Aldo L. Cotrone ◽  
Angel Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract Using the holographic correspondence as a tool, we study the dynamics of first-order phase transitions in strongly coupled gauge theories at finite temperature. Considering an evolution from the large to the small temperature phase, we compute the nucleation rate of bubbles of true vacuum in the metastable phase. For this purpose, we find the relevant configurations (bounces) interpolating between the vacua and we compute the related effective actions. We start by revisiting the compact Randall-Sundrum model at high temperature. Using holographic renormalization, we compute the derivative term in the effective bounce action, that was missing in the literature. Then, we address the full problem within the top-down Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. It displays both a confinement/deconfinement and a chiral symmetry breaking/restoration phase transition which, depending on the model parameters, can happen at different critical temperatures. For the confinement/deconfinement case we perform the numerical analysis of an effective description of the transition and also provide analytic expressions using thick and thin wall approximations. For the chiral symmetry transition, we implement a variational approach that allows us to address the challenging non-linear problem stemming from the Dirac-Born-Infeld action.

scholarly journals Charge density waves and their transitions in anisotropic quantum Hall systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchi He ◽  
Kang Yang ◽  
Mark Oliver Goerbig ◽  
Roger S. K. Mong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Density Wave ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Charge Density Waves ◽  
Stripe Phase ◽  
Electron Bubble ◽  
First Order ◽  
Bubble Phase ◽  
First Order Phase

AbstractIn recent experiments, external anisotropy has been a useful tool to tune different phases and study their competitions. In this paper, we look at the quantum Hall charge density wave states in the N = 2 Landau level. Without anisotropy, there are two first-order phase transitions between the Wigner crystal, the 2-electron bubble phase, and the stripe phase. By adding mass anisotropy, our analytical and numerical studies show that the 2-electron bubble phase disappears and the stripe phase significantly enlarges its domain in the phase diagram. Meanwhile, a regime of stripe crystals that may be observed experimentally is unveiled after the bubble phase gets out. Upon increase of the anisotropy, the energy of the phases at the transitions becomes progressively smooth as a function of the filling. We conclude that all first-order phase transitions are replaced by continuous phase transitions, providing a possible realisation of continuous quantum crystalline phase transitions.

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