scholarly journals Mass hierarchies and dynamical field range

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Landete ◽  
Gary Shiu
Keyword(s):  
Field Range ◽  
Dynamical Field

Assessment of Reliability of cap layers used in Cu-Black DiamondTM Interconnects

2003 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahila Krishnamoorthy ◽  
N.Y. Huang ◽  
Shu-Yunn Chong
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Breakdown Field ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Voltage Ramp ◽  
Low K

AbstractBlack DiamondTM. (BD) is one of the primary candidates for use in copper-low k integration. Although BD is SiO2 based, it is vastly different from oxide in terms of dielectric strength and reliability. One of the main reliability concerns is the drift of copper ions under electric field to the surrounding dielectric layer and this is evaluated by voltage ramp (V-ramp) and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). Metal 1 and Metal 2 intralevel comb structures with different metal widths and spaces were chosen for dielectric breakdown studies. Breakdown field of individual test structures were obtained from V-ramp tests in the temperature range of 30 to 150°C. TDDB was performed in the field range 0.5 – 2 MV/cm. From the leakage between combs at the same level (either metal 1 or metal 2) Cu drift through SiC/BD or SiN/BD interface was characterized. It was found that Cu/barrier and barrier/low k interfaces functioned as easy paths for copper drift thereby shorting the lines. Cu/SiC was found to provide a better interface than Cu/SiN.

scholarly journals Harmonic hybrid inflation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carta ◽  
Nicole Righi ◽  
Yvette Welling ◽  
Alexander Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Slow Roll ◽  
Minimal Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybrid Inflation ◽  
Type Iib String Theory

Abstract We present a mechanism for realizing hybrid inflation using two axion fields with a purely non-perturbatively generated scalar potential. The structure of the scalar potential is highly constrained by the discrete shift symmetries of the axions. We show that harmonic hybrid inflation generates observationally viable slow-roll inflation for a wide range of initial conditions. This is possible while accommodating certain UV arguments favoring constraints f ≲ MP and ∆ϕ60 ≲ MP on the axion periodicity and slow-roll field range, respectively. We discuss controlled ℤ2-symmetry breaking of the adjacent axion vacua as a means of avoiding cosmological domain wall problems. Including a minimal form of ℤ2-symmetry breaking into the minimally tuned setup leads to a prediction of primordial tensor modes with the tensor-to-scalar ratio in the range 10−4 ≲ r ≲ 0.01, directly accessible to upcoming CMB observations. Finally, we outline several avenues towards realizing harmonic hybrid inflation in type IIB string theory.

scholarly journals Modeling of magneto-conductivity of bismuth selenide: a topological insulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Rabia Sultana ◽  
Prince Sharma ◽  
V. P. S. Awana
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractWe report the magneto-conductivity analysis of Bi2Se3 single crystal at different temperatures in a magnetic field range of ± 14 T. The single crystals are grown by the self-flux method and characterized through X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. The single crystals show magnetoresistance (MR%) of around 380% at a magnetic field of 14 T and a temperature of 5 K. The Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka (HLN) equation has been used to fit the magneto-conductivity (MC) data. However, the HLN fitted curve deviates at higher magnetic fields above 1 T, suggesting that the role of surface-driven conductivity suppresses with an increasing magnetic field. This article proposes a speculative model comprising of surface-driven HLN and added quantum diffusive and bulk carriers-driven classical terms. The model successfully explains the MC of the Bi2Se3 single crystal at various temperatures (5–200 K) and applied magnetic fields (up to 14 T).

MAGNETIC FIELD DEPENDENCE OF CRITICAL CURRENTS IN SUPERCONDUCTING POLYCRYSTALS

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.I. KUGEL ◽  
T. YU. LISOVSKAYA ◽  
R.G. MINTS
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Field Dependence ◽  
Asymptotic Form ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
Transport Current ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
London Penetration Depth ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Crystallographic Axes ◽  
The Magnetic Field

We study the dependence of critical current j c on magnetic field H in superconducting polycrystals which are considered as systems of superconducting crystallites (isotropic or anisotropic) with Josephson contacts between them. Isotropy or anisotropy of contacts depends on the orientation of their crystallographic axes relatively to edges of contact planes. It is shown that for a system of randomly oriented isotropic contacts, the dependence j c (H) in a relatively wide field range has the asymptotic form j c ~( ln H)/H2. This differs drastically from j c (H) for single contacts. Anisotropy effects due to large differences in London penetration depth λ values corresponding to external magnetic field directed along different axes are analyzed in detail. It is shown that for uniaxal crystals with λ1=λ2≪λ3, this anisotropy leads to the relation [Formula: see text] for chaotic orientation of crystallites. The form of j c (H) curves for two different orientations of the magnetic field relatively to the transport current through the sample is found.

Study and Realization of Camera Wafer Image Fusion Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Image Fusion ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Mosaic Image

Image mosaics not only can make the collected several original images regenerate a complete image, but also can correct the error caused by imaging distortion of the original images, which can achieve the objective of rapid and correct mosaic image. The program studies the image mosaics of wafer defect inspection system. For the problem that the field range taken by CCD camera under resolution of wafer defect inspection system is small, which cant get the whole wafer image once and influences the extraction of subsequent defect features, the study demands to add image mosaics to the system.

INFLUENCE OF NEARBY QD LAYER ON 2DES IN QUANTUM HALL REGIME

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1445-1449
Author(s):  
K. TAKEHANA ◽  
Y. IMANAKA ◽  
T. TAKAMASU ◽  
M. HENINI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Gate Voltage ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Electron System ◽  
Hall Resistance ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Quantum Hall Regime ◽  
Hall Regime

We have investigated transport properties in high magnetic field of a gated two-dimensional electron system (2DES) separated by a thin barrier from a layer of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) in the quantum Hall regime. The quality of 2DES was found to be high enough to observe both integer and fractional quantum Hall effect (QHE), despite the proximity of the QD layer to the 2DES. However, significant suppression of the magnetoresistance (ρ xx ) and Hall resistance (ρ xy ) were observed in higher magnetic field range of filling factor ν < 1 when a positive voltage was applied to the front gate. The gate voltage dependence of ρ xx and ρ xy shows a well-defined hysteresis loop at the narrow gate voltage range between -0.2 and +0.2 V at ν < 1, while no anomaly was observed at ν > 1. We deduce that charging and discharging of QDs occurs when the gate voltage is varied around Vg ~ 0 V, which indicates that the electron charge states of the QDs affect the transport properties of the nearby 2DES only at ν < 1. We infer that the spin-flip process induces a non-equilibrium state in the 2DEG, which causes the suppression of ρ xx and ρ xy .

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