scholarly journals Jet maximization, axis minimization, and stable cone finding

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Thaler
Keyword(s):  
Stable Cone

Macrocyclic aromatic tetrasulfonamides with a stable cone conformation

2005 ◽  
pp. 3788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan He ◽  
Yu An ◽  
Lihua Yuan ◽  
Kazuhiro Yamato ◽  
Wen Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cone Conformation ◽  
Stable Cone

Current characteristics of stable cone–jet in electrohydrodynamic printing process

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwang Li ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Gaofeng Zheng ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Jiaxin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printing Process ◽  
Electrohydrodynamic Printing ◽  
Stable Cone ◽  
Current Characteristics

scholarly journals Unilateral Keratoconus after Chronic Eye Rubbing by the Nondominant Hand

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bral ◽  
Karolien Termote
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Nondominant Hand ◽  
Professional Needs ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stable Cone ◽  
The Right

Introduction: To report the development of unilateral keratoconus in a healthy male after persistent unilateral eye rubbing by the nondominant hand which was not needed for professional activities. Methods: Observational case report. Results: A 60-year-old male was first seen in our clinic due to decreased vision in his left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the left eye revealed Vogt’s striae, stromal thinning, and a stromal scar. Corneal topography showed a stage 4 keratoconus. Clinical examination and corneal topography of the right eye were normal. Medical history revealed a habit of chronic eye rubbing only in the left eye because of the right hand being occupied for professional needs. During follow-up of 5 years, Scheimpflug images of the right eye stayed normal while the left eye showed a stable cone. Discussion: This case report supports the hypothesis of mechanical fatigue of the cornea due to repetitive shear stress on the surface caused by eye-rubbing.

scholarly journals Lignin Nanoparticles as A Promising Way for Enhancing Lignin Flame Retardant Effect in Polylactide

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Chollet ◽  
José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta ◽  
Fouad Laoutid ◽  
Laurent Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stable Cone

The present study investigates the effect of using lignin at nanoscale as new flame-retardant additive for polylactide (PLA). Lignin nanoparticles (LNP) were prepared from Kraft lignin microparticles (LMP) through a dissolution-precipitation process. Both micro and nano lignins were functionalized using diethyl chlorophosphate (LMP-diEtP and LNP-diEtP, respectively) and diethyl (2-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl) phosphonate (LMP-SiP and LNP-SiP, respectively) to enhance their flame-retardant effect in PLA. From the use of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, it can be considered that a large amount of phosphorus has been grafted onto the nanoparticles. It has been previously shown that blending lignin with PLA induces degradation of the polymer matrix. However, phosphorylated lignin nanoparticles seem to limit PLA degradation during melt processing and the nanocomposites were shown to be relatively thermally stable. Cone calorimeter tests revealed that the incorporation of untreated lignin, whatever its particle size, induced an increase in pHRR. Using phosphorylated lignin nanoparticles, especially those treated with diethyl (2-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl) phosphonate allows this negative effect to be overcome. Moreover, the pHRR is significantly reduced, even when only 5 wt% LNP-SiP is used.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental investigation on static electric charge model at stable cone-jet region

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 037102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Hashemi ◽  
Ahmad Reza Pishevar ◽  
Afsaneh Valipouri ◽  
Emilian I. Părău
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Charge Model ◽  
Stable Cone

Generation of Monodisperse Protein Nanoparticles by Electrospray Drying

1998 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gomez ◽  
D. Bingham ◽  
L. de Juan ◽  
K. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Single Cone ◽  
Stable Cone ◽  
Protein Particles ◽  
Maximum Production Rate ◽  
Microfabrication Techniques

AbstractThe feasibility of producing relatively monodisperse and biologically active protein particles by electrospray drying is demonstrated. The process entails dissolving dry powder in an electrosprayable solution. The solution is then dispersed and, after solvent evaporation, dry residues can be collected on suitable deposition substrates. The process was demonstrated in the case of insulin. Particles were sized visually, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and aerodynamically, using an inertial impactor. When electrosprays of nearly saturated solutions were operated in the stable cone-jet mode, impactor data showed that the particle average aerodynamic diameter ranged from about 88 to 110 nm in diameter and the distributions were quasi-monodisperse with relative standard deviation estimated at approximately 10%. SEM observations for the same conditions showed average particle dimensions ranging from 98 to 117 nm, with predominantly doughnut shapes. Smaller particles can be generated by decreasing the insulin concentration and/or by spraying smaller liquid flow rates. The biological activity of the electrospray-processed insulin samples was confirmed by comparing binding properties on insulin receptors against a control sample. Although the maximum production rate for monodisperse insulin nanoparticles from a single cone-jet is low, at about 0.23 mg/hour, overall production can be increased by multiplexing the device with microfabrication techniques.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Cone-Jet for Electrospray

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Quang Tran Si ◽  
Doyoung Byun ◽  
Sukhan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Interference Model ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Close Spacing ◽  
Stable Cone

The interference effect on an array of electrospray emitters is analytically and experimentally investigated. An analytical model is presented to predict the behavior of the operating voltage with respect to emitter spacing in an array of emitters. The basic idea of these models is to superimpose the electric potential of individual emitters together in an array of emitters. If only one of the emitters operates and no liquid is supplied through the neighboring emitters, the potential required to form a stable cone-jet generally increases as the emitters move closer to each other due to electrical shielding. However, at very close spacing the required potential decreases. If all the emitters operate simultaneously, the operating voltage required for cone-jet spraying increases as the emitter spacing decreases; furthermore, there is no decrease in potential when the spacing is very close. The results of the analytical electrostatic interference model agree well with the experimental data.

Jet Stabilities in the Electrospraying of Macro-Molecules Solutions for Controllable Micro-Printing

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Zhi Kai Tan ◽  
Zhen Hua Xie ◽  
Hong Jie Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Chun Yi Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rheological Property ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Partial Reflection ◽  
Stable Cone ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
Spraying Process

Electrospraying (ES) is of great interest in research for its finely controlled delivery of biomaterials. This study investigated mechanisms involved in the electrospraying of biological macro-molecules which may cause spraying instabilities. Hyaluronan (HA) solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 w/v % (w in g and v in 100 ml) were prepared for spraying trials using nozzles with a size of 30 μm. In electrifying HA solutions with a high molecular weight of 2.1 MDa, controllable jets can be achieved only at the lowest concentration of 1 w/v %. Generally, further use of a sonication method to reduce the molecular size, stable cone jets can be performed relatively easily than using HA solutions of higher concentrations. The improvement of spray stabilities can be attributed to the reduction in viscosity of the solutions after the sonication. Steady micro-sized jets were observed during the ES process and the jet size was found to increase with the increase of both the molecular size and the concentration. Both parameters can be directly ascribed to the rheological property of the solutions. Results show that a suitable viscosity is critically important in stabilizing the electrospray of macro-molecules. A concentration reduction of HA molecules also happens during electrospraying, which indicates that there is a partial reflection of macro-molecules inside the Taylor-cone with the fluid motions during the spraying process. This partial reflection process is affected by molecular sizes, solution concentrations and spraying time.

ELECTROSPRAYING A NANOPARTICULATE SUSPENSION

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. JAYASINGHE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Silica Powder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Stable Cone ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Break Up

This paper reports an investigation into electrospraying a nanosuspension containing nanoparticles sized at 5 nm and suspended in a polymer grade ethylene glycol. Hence, the processing of this nanosuspension in the stable cone-jet mode having an amorphous silica powder loading of 30 wt.% is elucidated. A comparison is made with established literature on jet break-up to identify the break-up mechanism in this investigation. The ensuing electrospray characteristics for both the polymer grade ethylene glycol and the nanosuspension are also presented. Using the data of collected droplet relics together with a volume equivalence method, the generated droplet sizes are estimated for both media and are compared with the well-known theoretical expression for calculating the droplet sizes generated for that respective jet break-up regime and medium. Finally, transmission electron microscopy of the collected deposits concludes the discussion presented in this investigation.

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