scholarly journals Landau pole in the pyramid scheme

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Banks ◽  
Jean-François Fortin ◽  
Scott Kathrein
Keyword(s):  
Landau Pole ◽  
Pyramid Scheme

Creative Writing—Growth Industry or Pyramid Scheme?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Charlie Sweet ◽  
Hal Blythe ◽  
Rusty Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Pyramid Scheme ◽  
Growth Industry

Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Vander Nat ◽  
William W. Keep
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Multilevel Marketing ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Pyramid Scheme ◽  
Pyramid Schemes

A specific form of direct selling, multilevel marketing (MLM), experienced significant international growth during the 1990s, facilitated in part by the development of the Internet. A corresponding increase in the investigation and prosecution of illegal pyramid schemes occurred during the same period. These parallel activities led to increased uncertainty among marketing managers who used or wished to use the MLM approach. The authors examine similarities between the multilevel approach to marketing and activities associated with illegal pyramid schemes. A mathematical model is used to differentiate between the two on the basis of previous pyramid scheme cases and current U.S. law. The results of the model suggest key factors that marketers interested in MLM will need to consider when developing this type of distribution channel.

scholarly journals Image Gradient-based Joint Direct Visual Odometry for Stereo Camera

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianke Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Odometry ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Local Optimum ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Illumination Changes ◽  
Pyramid Scheme ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Dense 3D Reconstruction

Visual odometry is an important research problem for computer vision and robotics. In general, the feature-based visual odometry methods heavily rely on the accurate correspondences between local salient points, while the direct approaches could make full use of whole image and perform dense 3D reconstruction simultaneously. However, the direct visual odometry usually suffers from the drawback of getting stuck at local optimum especially with large displacement, which may lead to the inferior results. To tackle this critical problem, we propose a novel scheme for stereo odometry in this paper, which is able to improve the convergence with more accurate pose. The key of our approach is a dual Jacobian optimization that is fused into a multi-scale pyramid scheme. Moreover, we introduce a gradient-based feature representation, which enjoys the merit of being robust to illumination changes. Furthermore, a joint direct odometry approach is proposed to incorporate the information from the last frame and previous keyframes. We have conducted the experimental evaluation on the challenging KITTI odometry benchmark, whose promising results show that the proposed algorithm is very effective for stereo visual odometry.

The Conspiracy Theory Pyramid Scheme

2018 ◽  
pp. 226-242
Author(s):  
Ted Goertzel
Keyword(s):  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Pyramid Scheme

The conspiracy theory pyramid scheme has three tiers. First, writers and intellectuals who reinforce and legitimate conspiracy memes, sometimes without explicitly endorsing conspiracy theories. Second, people with a psychological affinity for conspiracy theories. And third, people who feel threatened by a specific issue and become persuaded that a conspiracy is at work. The pyramid metaphor should not be taken to imply that the top tier is in control and dominates the second and third tiers of the pyramid. Interaction between the tiers is reciprocal, not hierarchical. The authors examined in this chapter have played an important role on the first tier of the conspiracy theory pyramids: Andrew Wakefield, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Frederick Seitz, James Inhofe, Vandana Shiva, Noam Chomsky, and Edward Herman.

Decision-making and vulnerability in a pyramid scheme fraud

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacie A. Bosley ◽  
Marc F. Bellemare ◽  
Linda Umwali ◽  
Joshua York
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pyramid Scheme

Pyramids, Ponzis and fraud prevention: lessons from a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacie Bosley ◽  
Maggie Knorr
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Pyramid Scheme ◽  
Affinity Groups ◽  
Pyramid Schemes

Purpose This paper aims to empirically identify factors that increase consumer vulnerability to pyramid scheme fraud and compares/contrasts dynamics and implications of pyramid and Ponzi fraud. Design/methodology/approach Statistical techniques, including multiple regression, are used to analyze participant data (with over half a million individuals) from a now-defunct US-based pyramid scheme, Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing. Findings Findings suggest that this pyramid scheme flourished in counties with identifiable affinity groups: religious communities, Hispanic populations and certain age cohorts (e.g. recently retired). Recruitment success varied significantly between geographic regions, with the highest levels of recruitment in the South. While prior research finds a possible positive relationship between education and Ponzi participation, this is not the case in the pyramid scheme studied. Furthermore, while Ponzi schemes might be pro-cyclical, collapsing during contractions when participants seek to extract their money, this pyramid scheme exhibited counter-cyclical behavior. Practical implications State and federal regulators, as well as consumer protection advocates, should learn from analysis of past pyramid scheme cases. Such analysis informs allocation of scarce resources and supports the case for targeted, active education. Clarifying differences between Ponzi and pyramid fraud helps to support clear and effective intervention. Originality/value This is the first research to analyze national participant-level data from a pyramid scheme to inform future action. While it confirms some past findings, such as the connection to affinity fraud, it adds to collective knowledge on pyramid schemes and the differences between pyramid and Ponzi fraud.

scholarly journals Universal Landau Pole at the Planck scale

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Andrianov ◽  
Domenec Espriu ◽  
Maxim A. Kurkov ◽  
Fedele Lizzi
Keyword(s):  
Planck Scale ◽  
Landau Pole
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