scholarly journals Post-Newtonian equation for the energy levels of a Dirac particle in a static metric

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayeul Arminjon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dirac Particle ◽  
Newtonian Equation

scholarly journals THE DIRAC PARTICLE ON CENTRAL BACKGROUNDS AND THE ANTI-DE SITTER OSCILLATOR

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 2923-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
ION. COTĂESCU
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Equation ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Scalar Product ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Dirac Particle ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Spherical Coordinates ◽  
De Sitter

It is shown that, for spherically symmetric static backgrounds, a simple reduced Dirac equation can be obtained by using the Cartesian tetrad gauge in Cartesian holonomic coordinates. This equation is manifestly covariant under rotations so that the spherical coordinates can be separated in terms of angular spinors like in special relativity, obtaining a pair of radial equations and a specific form of the radial scalar product. As an example, we analytically solve the anti-de Sitter oscillator giving the formula of the energy levels and the form of the corresponding eigenspinors.

CONFINEMENT OF A DIRAC PARTICLE TO A HARD-WALL CONFINING POTENTIAL INDUCED BY NONINERTIAL EFFECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BAKKE
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Minkowski Spacetime ◽  
Nonrelativistic Limit ◽  
Dirac Particle ◽  
Hard Wall ◽  
Spin Particle ◽  
Confining Potential ◽  
Noninertial Effects

In this contribution, we discuss the influence of noninertial effects on a Dirac particle in the Minkowski spacetime by showing that the geometry of the manifold can play the role of a hard-wall confining potential. Thus, we discuss a limit case where the relativistic bound states can be achieved in analogous way to having a Dirac particle confined to a quantum dot. We discuss the application of this mathematical model in studies of noninertial effects on condensed matter systems described by the Dirac equation, and compare the nonrelativistic limit of the energy levels with the spectrum of energy of a spin-½ particle confined to a quantum dot [E. Tsitsishvili et al., Phys. Rev. B70 (2004) 115316].

A Perturbation Theory for the Population of Atomic Energy Levels in Non-Lte Plasmas

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
M. Klapisch
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Small Parameter ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Sum Rules ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Formal Expansion ◽  
Atomic Energy Levels ◽  
As Effects

AbstractA formal expansion of the CRM in powers of a small parameter is presented. The terms of the expansion are products of matrices. Inverses are interpreted as effects of cascades.It will be shown that this allows for the separation of the different contributions to the populations, thus providing a natural classification scheme for processes involving atoms in plasmas. Sum rules can be formulated, allowing the population of the levels, in some simple cases, to be related in a transparent way to the quantum numbers.

Low-lying energy levels of the FeH molecule

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL F. HULLAH, RICHARD F. BARROW, JOHN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels

Do Atomic Spectra Determine Energy Levels?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Billionnet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Atomic Spectra

Energy levels of neutral platinum (Pt I)

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blaise ◽  
J. Vergès ◽  
J.-F. Wyart ◽  
R. Engleman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels

Energy Levels and Electromagnetic Transition of 90-94mo Nuclei Using Ibm-1

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dynamical Symmetry ◽  
Interacting Boson Model ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
Electromagnetic Transition ◽  
Boson Model ◽  
Energy States ◽  
Good Agreement

The energy states for the J , b , ɤ bands and electromagnetic transitions B (E2) values for even – even molybdenum 90 – 94 Mo nuclei are calculated in the present work of "the interacting boson model (IBM-1)" . The parameters of the equation of IBM-1 Hamiltonian are determined which yield the best excellent suit the experimental energy states . The positive parity of energy states are obtained by using IBS1. for program for even 90 – 94 Mo isotopes with bosons number 5 , 4 and 5 respectively. The" reduced transition probability B(E2)" of these neuclei are calculated and compared with the experimental data . The ratio of the excitation energies of the 41+ to 21+ states ( R4/2) are also calculated . The calculated and experimental (R4/2) values showed that the 90 – 94 Mo nuclei have the vibrational dynamical symmetry U(5). Good agreement was found from comparison between the calculated energy states and electric quadruple probabilities B(E2) transition of the 90–94Mo isotopes with the experimental data .

Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽  
RICARDO PAIM
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

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