Bubble nucleation and growth at a baryon-number-producing electroweak phase transition

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2668-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Hua Liu ◽  
Larry McLerran ◽  
Neil Turok
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition

scholarly journals Upper limit on first-order electroweak phase transition strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 2150024
Author(s):  
Shehu AbdusSalam ◽  
Mohammad Javad Kazemi ◽  
Layla Kalhor
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Transition Strength ◽  
Bubble Wall ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
First Order Phase

For a cosmological first-order electroweak phase transition, requiring no sphaleron washout of baryon number violating processes leads to a lower bound on the strength of the transition. The velocity of the boundary between the phases, the so-called bubble wall, can become ultrarelativistic if the friction due to the plasma of particles is not sufficient to retard the wall’s acceleration. This bubble “runaway” should not occur if a successful baryon asymmetry generation due to the transition is required. Using Boedeker–Moore criterion for bubble wall runaway, within the context of an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics with a real gauge-single scalar field, we show that a nonrunaway transition requirement puts an upper bound on the strength of the first-order phase transition.

scholarly journals Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the late Universe and glimpses of the early Universe phase transitions à la baryogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sami ◽  
Radouane Gannouji
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Landau Theory ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Ginzburg Landau

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is the foundation of electroweak unification and serves as an integral part of the model building beyond the standard model of particle physics and it also finds interesting applications in the late Universe. We review development related to obtaining the late cosmic acceleration from spontaneous symmetry breaking in the Universe at large scales. This phenomenon is best understood through Ginzburg–Landau theory of phase transitions which we briefly describe. Hereafter, we present elements of spontaneous symmetry breaking in relativistic field theory. We then discuss the “symmetron” scenario-based upon symmetry breaking in the late Universe which is realized by using a specific form of conformal coupling. However, the model is faced with “NO GO” for late-time acceleration due to local gravity constraints. We argue that the problem can be circumvented by using the massless [Formula: see text] theory coupled to massive neutrino matter. As for the early Universe, spontaneous symmetry breaking finds its interesting applications in the study of electroweak phase transition. To this effect, we first discuss in detail the Ginzburg–Landau theory of first-order phase transitions and then apply it to electroweak phase transition including technical discussions on bubble nucleation and sphaleron transitions. We provide a pedagogical exposition of dynamics of electroweak phase transition and emphasize the need to go beyond the standard model of particle physics for addressing the baryogenesis problem. Review ends with a brief discussion on Affleck–Dine mechanism and spontaneous baryogenesis. Appendixes include technical details on essential ingredients of baryogenesis, sphaleron solution, one-loop finite temperature effective potential and dynamics of bubble nucleation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Electroweak Phase Transition in the 3-3-1-1 Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Binh Dinh Thanh ◽  
Phong Vo Quoc ◽  
Hoang Ngoc Long
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Nucleation Temperature ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Stringent Condition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Scalar Mass ◽  
Second Period

The bubble nucleation in the framework of 3-3-1-1 model is studied. Previous studies show that first order electroweak phase transition occurs in two periods. In this paper we evaluate the bubble nucleation temperature throughout the parameter space. Using the stringent condition for bubble nucleation formation we find that in the first period, symmetry breaking from \(SU(3)\rightarrow SU(2)\), the bubble is formed at the nucleation temperature $T=150$ GeV and the lower bound of the scalar mass is 600 GeV. In the second period, symmetry breaking from \((SU(2)\rightarrow U(1)\), only subcritical bubbles are formed. This constraint eliminates the electroweak baryon genesis in the second period of the model.

scholarly journals ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS AND THE PHASE TRANSITION DYNAMICS

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (28) ◽  
pp. 2599-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
AZUSA YAMAGUCHI ◽  
AKIO SUGAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Lepton Number ◽  
Time Development ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Dynamics ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

The baryogenesis is reanalyzed based on the model by Cohen et al., in which the lepton number, generated by the neutrinos scattering from the bubble walls appearing in the development of the electroweak phase transition, is converted to the baryon number excess through the sphaleron transition. A formula obtained in this paper on the lepton number production rate is correct for both the thin and thick walls within the linear approximation. Investigation on the time development of the first order phase transition is simulated, including the temporal change of the wall velocity as well as the fusion effect of the bubbles. The details of such phase transition dynamics are found to affect considerably the final value of the baryon number excess.

scholarly journals Electroweak phase transition with spontaneous Z2-breaking

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Carena ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Yikun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Light Scalar ◽  
Future Collider ◽  
The Rich

Abstract This work investigates a simple, representative extension of the Standard Model with a real scalar singlet and spontaneous Z2 breaking, which allows for a strongly first-order phase transition, as required by electroweak baryogenesis. We perform analytical and numerical calculations that systematically include one-loop thermal effects, Coleman-Weinberg corrections, and daisy resummation, as well as evaluation of bubble nucleation. We study the rich thermal history and identify the conditions for a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition with nearly degenerate extrema at zero temperature. This requires a light scalar with mass below 50 GeV. Exotic Higgs decays, as well as Higgs coupling precision measurements at the LHC and future collider facilities, will test this model. Additional information may be obtained from future collider constraints on the Higgs self-coupling. Gravitational-wave signals are typically too low to be probed by future gravitational wave experiments.

scholarly journals ON ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS IN THE LITTLEST HIGGS MODEL WITH T-PARITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (34) ◽  
pp. 1250190 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAHAZADA AZIZ ◽  
BUDDHADEB GHOSH
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Energy Functional ◽  
Higgs Model ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Baryon Number Violation ◽  
Lattice Result ◽  
Violation Rate ◽  
Two Sectors

We study electroweak baryogenesis within the framework of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity. This model has shown characteristics of a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, which is conducive to baryogenesis in the early Universe. In the T-parity symmetric theory, there are two gauge sectors, viz., the T-even and the T-odd ones. We observe that the effect of the T-parity symmetric interactions between the T-odd and the T-even gauge bosons on gauge-Higgs energy functional is quite small, so that these two sectors can be taken to be independent. The T-even gauge bosons behave like the Standard Model gauge bosons, whereas the T-odd ones are instrumental in stabilizing the Higgs mass. For the T-odd gauge bosons in the symmetric and asymmetric phases and for the T-even gauge bosons in the asymmetric phase, we obtain, using the formalism of Arnold and McLerran, very small values of the ratio (Baryon number violation rate/Universe expansion rate). We observe that this result, in conjunction with the scenario of inverse phase transition in the present work and the value of the ratio obtained from the lattice result of sphaleron transition rate in the symmetric phase, can provide us with a plausible baryogenesis scenario.

SPHALERONS AND THE ELECTROWEAK PHASE TRANSITION

1992 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 783-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOCHEN KRIPFGANZ
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Finite Size Effects ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Baryon Number Violation ◽  
First Order Phase

In the first part of the talk, a short review of baryon number violation in the electroweak standard model is given. I concentrate on perturbative estimates for the electroweak phase transition. A strong first order phase transition could be relevant both for a possible generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe, and the survival of this asymmetry afterwards. In the second part of the talk, some lattice results for the electroweak phase transition are presented. They tend to indicate a transition more strongly first order than predicted by perturbation theory. A definite condusion cannot be drawn, however, because of severe finite size effects.

Water, Water, Here and There

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Vigdor
Keyword(s):  
Quark Mass ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Hydrogen Burning ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Grand Unified Theories ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
The Stability

Chapter 4 deals with the stability of the proton, hence of hydrogen, and how to reconcile that stability with the baryon number nonconservation (or baryon conservation) needed to establish a matter–antimatter imbalance in the infant universe. Sakharov’s three conditions for establishing a matter–antimatter imbalance are presented. Grand unified theories and experimental searches for proton decay are described. The concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is introduced in describing the electroweak phase transition in the infant universe. That transition is treated as the potential site for introducing the imbalance between quarks and antiquarks, via either baryogenesis or leptogenesis models. The up–down quark mass difference is presented as essential for providing the stability of hydrogen and of the deuteron, which serves as a crucial stepping stone in stellar hydrogen-burning reactions that generate the energy and elements needed for life. Constraints on quark masses from lattice QCD calculations and violations of chiral symmetry are discussed.

scholarly journals Dark Matter production from relativistic bubble walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Azatov ◽  
Miguel Vanvlasselaer ◽  
Wen Yin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Relic Abundance ◽  
Higgs Portal ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Gravitational Background

Abstract In this paper we present a novel mechanism for producing the observed Dark Matter (DM) relic abundance during the First Order Phase Transition (FOPT) in the early universe. We show that the bubble expansion with ultra-relativistic velocities can lead to the abundance of DM particles with masses much larger than the scale of the transition. We study this non-thermal production mechanism in the context of a generic phase transition and the electroweak phase transition. The application of the mechanism to the Higgs portal DM as well as the signal in the Stochastic Gravitational Background are discussed.

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