General proof of the averaged null energy condition for a massless scalar field in two-dimensional curved spacetime

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wald ◽  
Ulvi Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Energy Condition ◽  
Null Energy Condition ◽  
Massless Scalar ◽  
Massless Scalar Field ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Curved Spacetime ◽  
General Proof

scholarly journals Rotating cylindrical wormholes and energy conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 1641022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Bronnikov ◽  
V. G. Krechet
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Energy Condition ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Null Energy Condition ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Massless Scalar ◽  
Massless Scalar Field ◽  
Throat Region ◽  
Cylindrically Symmetric ◽  
Arbitrary Potential

We seek wormholes among rotating cylindrically symmetric configurations in general relativity. Exact wormhole solutions are presented with such sources of gravity as a massless scalar field, a cosmological constant, and a scalar field with an exponential potential. However, none of these solutions are asymptotically flat, which excludes the existence of wormhole entrances as local objects in our Universe. To overcome this difficulty, we try to build configurations with flat asymptotic regions using the cut-and-paste procedure: on both sides of the throat, a wormhole solution is matched to a properly chosen region of flat space-time at some surfaces [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. It is shown, however, that if the source of gravity in the throat region is a scalar field with an arbitrary potential, then one or both thin shells appearing on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] inevitably violate the null energy condition. Thus, although rotating wormhole solutions are easily found without exotic matter, such matter is still necessary for obtaining asymptotic flatness.

scholarly journals The spectral dimension in 2D CDT gravity coupled to scalar fields

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1550077 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ambjørn ◽  
A. Görlich ◽  
J. Jurkiewicz ◽  
H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Spectral Dimension ◽  
Massless Scalar ◽  
Massless Scalar Field ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Imaginary Time ◽  
Causal Dynamical Triangulations ◽  
Pure Gravity ◽  
Dynamical Triangulations

Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) provide a non-perturbative formulation of Quantum Gravity assuming the existence of a global time foliation. In our earlier study we analyzed the effect of including d copies of a massless scalar field in the two-dimensional CDT model with imaginary time. For d > 1 we observed the formation of a "blob", somewhat similar to that observed in four-dimensional CDT without matter. In the two-dimensional case the "blob" has a Hausdorff dimension DH = 3. In this paper, we study the spectral dimension DS of the two-dimensional CDT-universe, both for d = 0 (pure gravity) and d = 4. We show that in both cases the spectral dimension is consistent with DS = 2.

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